Evaluation of Human Resources Essay

Businesses pass water to control their resources closely, this is because Human resources argon needed in the origin and is also superintended because if some mental faculty are non doing their work correctly thusly they are likely to be replaced with someone that is better. If the business is to expand then the business needs to employ staff with trusted ability that leave alone benefit their business. The Human resources thunder mug improve the businesses put to deathance in more than authoritys. There are twain main processes which are looked at when managing human beings resources. The most important is to employ the correct mass for the job, wad that forget carry out the job role correctly. Then the correct resources gestate to be provided for them so that they usher out carry this process out to the best of their standards.Treating these employees with care and sensitivity is important. They are not like physical or scientific resources humans need to be de alt in certain ways, as they are protected by legislations and laws. In some businesses, there allow for be a constant change of different demand of products that the customers wish to purchase, for this reason the staff go away have to be educate for any of these occasions. This is how they improve there human resources. They also look at how many skills the employee has when they are searching for new employees. They allow for check whether that person give the sack be used in more than then one job position of that store, how many skills they consist of.Coordination of the team ups in different types of businesses is very important in ensuring that they meet the targets that the beau monde sets them. When all employees of the team complete their delegate roles the team leave behind run more smoothly. It is also important that a manager is always there so that they can cope his staff and also if there is a problem that they might not be able to handle the manager will d efiantly being trained to deal with the situation.Monitoring the performance of a team and letting them hold out of there good work is a good way to defy the staff motivated. There are certain ways to monitor the way that businesses monitor their staff. Firstly they can organize sure that the staffs are reaching the targets that are assigned to them. Also sales figures can be looked at, seeing whether the team has overspent or under spent the budget that was assigned to them. Finally last way to monitor the performance is to record the number of compliments, or complaints that that member of staff has received from the customers. Individual and team appraisals are also a good way to conserve the team motivated.Liaising within departments in a business is very important in keeping the employees on talking terms with batch in another(prenominal)(prenominal) departments. It is essential that they work with each other so that they can coordinate with each other and progress is com pleted rather then slowed d throw. One way to make sure that the teams work together is to countenance team building exercises, so that the employees can get to know each other more. Many people from the equal level within the organisation are told to meet with other people from other departments, not necessarily physically, exactly through the internet.To ensure that the employees know how the business works, and what there job role entitles, they should know about the background of their organisation. There will have to be good communication and respect shown when the people of the beau monde are talking to each other. People will talk to others in a different way depending on there role, or what they have achieved. With there superiors there will be more respect shown then others like people below them in the organisation. In some businesses managers will strike to each other using there titles but many others, they will be referred to on first name bases. It is also importa nt to communicate with the employees, make sure that they know the terms of there contract with the job that they have with you, whether they are allowed to have a second job or not, these little things.If they hold to have a second job, they should tell their role manager about it, and also the job should be in a non-related company. Managers can use incentives to keep the workforce encouraged to work ambitiouser and harder. There are many ways in which employees can use these incentives to keep them working, they can be rewards, little things that will make the workforce feel that that are being appreciated. These incentives also have to be worth of value to the employee that is viewing them, or they will not want to earn them. It is always good to offer a variety of choices for the employees to choose from. This way they can have different things every time that they work hard.Businesses commonly encourage there employees to be imaginative, and use their initiative. This is to adapt with any change in the market, so that the company is easily adaptable, and these companies are more likely to succeed. Because companies can struggle all over the world using the internet, these companies encourage their employees to think creatively and use their imagination. Many small businesses become successful by being creative and using their initiative. Organisations can get their work done in two different ways, one in-house, where the employees that they employee do the work for them, or the organisation can source their work, where they pay some other company to do the work for them.Evaluation of Technological ResourcesWhen looking at resources which are technological, there are many improvements that can be made in a business. Technological resources would not be hardware they would fall under the category of software. They are managed in similar ways to other resources to ensure that they are not damaged, and if there is a newer version an update can be made . Intellectual quality is the right in which people can own ideas and decide what clears to them. This is similar to having a patent to an idea or an item, where the person will decide what will happen to the item or ideas.The longer that people work in a job, or different jobs they will depart to gain accumulated experience, they will start to learn how to deal with certain issues that may come up in their job. This is a major benefit to the company, as more and more people appease at the company, gradually gaining more experience.The people with experience will be placed as mangers so that they can have an influence on their own sector or department. It is very important for the organisation to build up the skills of peoples so that they can deal with certain issues that arise in the business. It would be orthogonal to train more then a few people at certain things, for instance in their absence, there should be somebody to handle that proper(postnominal) area. If an experie nced person was to leave the organisation it would be hard to find another person that would be able to fulfil that job role with the same numerate of skill as the previous person. Cascading training is the process in which training is passed on throughout the workforce, so that a backup is available when another individual is needed.Software is used in businesses a lot, and the businesses spend a lot of money on software for its business. Specially made software is sometimes very important to businesses the reason for this is because it is a piece of software that is specifically designed for a business. Software that isnt specially made, but owned by people is also used, and to use these businesses must(prenominal)iness pay a fee for the software license so that they can distribute it to all of their stores. When companies buy these licenses, they usually get a discount due to the amount of computers that they wish to install the software onto. Some companies run the software o n more computers they involve to be, and in these cases they are breaking the law, although this can work both ways, as the companies can charge too much. Software reviews can save a vast amount of money for the company, to see which computers need new software and which dont.Using legislation to protect the technological resources of the company is very important although it is always hard to tell whether people have taken your idea, it is always hard to find the perpetrators. Patents and Copyrights are different areas which fall under intellectual property law. Patents are protection for inventions, new or improved.Evaluation of Physical ResourcesWhen looking at the physical resources of business, businesses should look at the procedures that it undertakes to carry out its activities. Improvements can be made to make sure that these resources are maintained, refurbished and secured. All businesses need premise where they can operate from. These buildings can have a strong affect on the people that either work there, or the customers of the company. Having buildings located in strong economic areas is also very important for the business, so that many people will be attracted to it, as hale as see it as an important building in the area. Importance of how businesses layout their stores all over the country, no doubts show in its success. Businesses have to find ways into attracting the attention of the customers. In businesses that deal with clothing, shoes or accessories, they would need to be aesthetically pleasing to the customers, being attracted to the building will naturally result in them proceeding into the building.Improvements should be made in the materials and waste in businesses. Undoubtedly this would both save the economy as well as money for the business. Different types of buildings within each business will all need to cope with different activities that will need to be completed. The whole shebang will be the place where the machinery fo r these places will be placed. Although some companies take there machinery on lease, some businesses see it as best to buy the machinery as they can be used in the long run.The correct equipment is essential for a business to operate smoothly. If the necessary equipment is not given then this can result in the incompletion of the task which was required, this can have more impact on the company then some may think. IT is one of the most important, many businesses fail without it. Businesses must consist of both hardware and software, which carry out their main jobs of looking after the amount of stock in the stores, the days property intake, and many other important functions that the company needs. Hardware is the physical items, computers, monitors, things that are visible to people. Software would be the systems that the computer runs on, Microsoft and other applications.All of the factories will always have their premises checked. If the correct maintenance does not take place then the machinery or the buildings can break down, leading to much more large cost with replacing them. Cleaning of the buildings is important in keeping it safe to work in and healthy for the people who work there. Refurbishment of the company consists when the company seems to want to change the appearance of their stores whether it is to the customers in the stores, or for the workers in the other associated buildings. Keeping the buildings fresh will encourage people to enjoy their body of work and result in people working harder. Refurbishment can also have an impact on the environment as well as people, as old resources can be replaced with eco-friendly or energy saving ones.To ensure that the workers and the customers are safe at all times Emergency Provisions will be there in case of an emergency. Evacuation training must be given to all of the employees, so that they know exactly what to do in case of a onslaught or any other incidence. Other equipment to prevent harm w ill be placed in the store, such as, fire alarms, smoke detectors, fire escapes and fire extinguishers. To ensure that these are working at all times, regular checks will need to be made.Insurance is a must with all building, whether there leased or owned by the company. This is to cover any damages. Protecting the assets of the company is very important because if any of these were vandalised, they can claim the damage costs back. The building must be made secured at all times, when the employees finish their shift at night they must lock the premises up so that no intruder can enter. Although this is not always the case, people still somehow find a way in, this is why credential guards are hired. The company can also get advice from big security companies about how they can keep their business locked and secure.Evaluation of Financial ResourcesFinancial resources are needed in the businesses because they have to monitor their finance because they need to insure that they have eno ugh money in order to buy products and to pay their employees. They then also have to make sure that they have enough money so that they can pay off their bills as well.Financial resources are the cash or loans that a business has, or has access to. A businesss non- pecuniary resources are their employees, technology, equipment, buildings, warehouses and information systems. Within the financial and non-financial category come two more types of resources internal and external. Internal resources are financial or non-financial resources that a company owns, or has in-house. External resources are financial or non-financial resources that a company does not own, but may be able to use externally.When businesses evaluate their internal environment, they are analysing the areas of their work that they have control over. Internal environments may include, but are not limited to, the organisational structure, purchasing behaviours, research and development and manufacturing processes. Wit hin the internal environment are internal resources, such as finances, staff, equipment, and machinery and information technology. Businesses should perform environmental scans of their internal environments and resources, they should document their findings, examine the trends in their environment, review and analyse the inventory and use the information for decision-making techniques.External business environments are the areas that a business does not have control over, but can still be impacted by. Common external environments can be categorised as environmental, political, economical, technological, ratified and social. Within these external environments businesses can identify external resources. Technological advances, for instance, are operated external resources. By knowing what is available to businesses in the external environment, decision makers can analyse risk potential and understand how their business can be progressed or slowed down by external resources.Monitorin g Budget CostsAt the beginning of a businesses year, the business will start to start formulate a budget which is their objective to forecast what their profit will be at the end of the year in the assumption that the budget will remain the same through out. The budget will be monitored quarterly or periodical to see if the profit they projected at the beginning of the year is still realistic. Monitoring their budget will give them the flexibility to adjust their wants, needs and must have so that the projected profit is realisable at the end of the year. Profit is the measure of a business performance.Ideally, the process of budget planning for the next financial year should give everyone in the organisation an opportunity to reflect on what theyve achieved, what the external environment is telling them and where they want to go next. In times of recession, businesses will aim to increase revenues or they may maintain them, they could specifically target a certain market, or inves t more in a useful area. Businesses will focus on these specific areas by everyone in the business. Unfortunately, hardly any business gathers the full rewards of focused engagement with the budget process. Too oftentimes businesses are facing the future with budgets that are reluctantly thrown together by cost centre managers with other things on their mind.

Personal Health Assessment Essay

Overall, there are six dimensions of health that evoke be examined to determine if a psyche is ample and fit or to see what area in his or her life needs improvement. This includes physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental dimensions. When all of the six dimensions are at high levels and in balance, we have optimal health and well-being (Blonna & Watter, 2005, p. 5). The three dimensions of health that I feel I am strongest at are the physical, sscial, and intellectual dimensions.Physically, I am contented with how I look and feel. I look at that I am healthy and that I take the proper precautions to take care of my body. Being gratuitous from any illnesses does not mean that a soulfulness fulfils the physical dimension of health. I turn over that one has to be satisfied about his or her general health and body in order for him or her to say that he or she is physically healthy. In addition, being positive about how a person sees his or her b ody contributes to a better physical health.I would also like to indicate that I fulfil the social dimension of health since I do not have a problem reaching out to people. I have excellent relationships with my friends and family and this helps me grow as a person. I believe that keeping this dimension healthy is important because having people that would support you greatly contributes to a persons well-being and improvement of the new(prenominal) five dimensions. The tercet dimension of health that I think I am strongest at is the intellectual dimension.I believe that I think clearly and that I fuck understand things the way they should be understood. I am very open-minded when it comes to arguing and accepting things that are not in line with my beliefs. I can argue with other people rationally and with the right common sense. On the other hand, I feel that my spiritual dimension needs improvement. Spiritual wellness is the state of harmony with yourself and others. It is the ability to balance home(a) needs with the demands of the rest of the world (Edlin, Golanty, & Brown, 1999, p. ). With our fast paced world, it is very hard for one to sit down and think about these kinds of things. There are so many distractions around us that we forget to think about our spirituality. I think that it is important for me to address this way out at this time because it would help me improve my overall well-being. I understand the importance of spiritual life and I would like to engage myself better with this area. For a person to improve, he or she needs determination and commitment.Improvement, especially in the area of spirituality, would not mean anything if there is no purpose behind it and if the person is doing it just for the sake of saying he or she has improved. I would like to start off by trying to square off more about what I want in terms of spiritual fulfilment. I would then gradually engage myself in my religion and take small steps to improve my i nner self. I think that I would have to get to know myself better in order for me to realize what I want and need.Personally, I expect to learn from this course ways on how to know myself better, how to improve myself completely, and how to determine which areas in my life need improvements the most. Although determining is easy, it is better to learn through a cozy instructor and through related materials and activities. Taking this course would also make it easier because I will be able to learn with a group of other people and not just by myself.

The Impact of Classroom Technology on Student Behavior

Journal of applied science Research The tinge of schoolroom engineering science on schoolchild behavior Angeline M. Lavin University of South Dakota Leon Korte University of South Dakota doubting Thomas L. Davies University of South Dakota ABSTRACT The trend toward engine room enkindled schoolrooms has escalated quickly during the past five years as assimilators have become increasingly tech-savvy. Classrooms across the population have become wired and textbook publishers now offer a wide variety of information processing systemized principle supplements. In fact, virtu eachy whitethorn argue that engineering is now expected in the college classroom.The objective of this research is to examine whether the rehearse of applied science in university classes oppositions scholar behavior and student perceptions of instructional reference. This paper summarizes the burdens of a survey administered to students enrolled in affair var.s at a mid-sized Midwestern univers ity. The results suggest that adding engine room in stocks where it is not currently employ is likely to have a domineering force on student perceptions of the teacher and on student behavior. However, removing engineering from runnings that already use it would not appear to have a banish fix on all aspects of student behavior.Overall there are certain aspects of student behavior (the make out of time that students drive, the measuring of notes they take, their attending, and their interaction with the instructor) which appear to be engineering science neutral. In contrast, applied science tends to have a meaningful wallop on student readying for class, attentiveness, quality of notes taken, student participation in class, student nurture, proclivity to take additional classes from the instructor or in the dependant matter, and the boilers suit evaluation of the course and the instructor.Keywords class engineering science, instructional quality, student behav ior, student perceptions The impact of classroom technology, Page 1 Journal of engine room Research INTRODUCTION Technology, it seems, is everywhere these days. As computers have become to a greater extent than commonplace, the use of information technology has become pervasive in most everyones lives. For most of us, it is hard to image daily life without the influence of technological devices, be it handheld idiot box games, personal digital assistants, cell phones or any number of computers.This is especially true for younger generations. In academia, we have likely reached the point where the use of technology is expected, by both students and their parents (Christensen, 1999). The trend toward technology enhanced classes has escalated quickly during the past five years as students have become increasingly tech-savvy, classrooms across the kingdom have become wired and textbook publishers now offer a wide variety of computerized teaching supplements.Lowerison, Sclater, Schmi d, and Abrami (cc6) suggest that technology has the potential to transform the learning environment from passive to active and more open to the control of the learner. According to Roblyer (2003), technology whitethorn enable the learner to be more actively problematical in his or her own learning. While technology may enhance the classroom and engage todays student more effectively, most do not reckon it replaces the need for a structured, content-driving learning process that is grounded in theory.To be effective, technology-based tools must accompany appropriate pedagogy (Laurillard, 2002). That said, a 2001 national analyze showed that 87% of faculty believe computer technology enhances student learning (Epper and Bates, 2001). Despite this widespread belief that the use of technology in the classroom is mostly good, such may not always be the case. Burbules and Callister (2000) suggest technology fundament be employ well or poorly, and thus its effectiveness is hooked o n how it employ, by whom and for what purpose. Instructors use varying cores of technology in their classes.For example, some professors utilize PowerPoint slides or similar technology extensively or evenhandedly passim a course, while others seldom or never use technology. There may be several reasons why instructors ultimately arrogate technology for classroom use. For some, it may help them to create better organized, more focused lectures. For others, they believe that the use of technology benefits students by engaging them more in the classroom and allowing them to harken more reasonly without transcribing every word that is spoken.Some professors may choose technology because writing on whiteboards or blackboards hinders their ability to interact with students. Still other instructors may adopt technology as a time saving device because it is readily available today, provided by the publishers who are eager to convince faculty to adopt their textbooks. Although the mot ivation may differ, theoretically the boilers suit expectation is that technology will make better the course, engage the students and enable them to learn more. There may in like manner be at least the implicit hope by the faculty member that teaching evaluations will improve.The study of what makes a college teacher effective is ongoing. Witcher, Onquegbuzie, Collins, Filer, Wiedmaier, and Moore (2003) suggest that students believe that effective teachers possess many if not all of the following nine characteristics, listed in order of importance (1) student-centered (2) knowledgeable about the subject matter (3) superior (4) enthusiastic about teaching (5) effective at communication (6) accessible (7) competent at instruction (8) fair and respectful and (9) provider of adequate operation feedback.Clearly, utilization of technology can impact several of these identified characteristics or traits. Thus, in recent years, the proliferation of technology in an educational setting has sparked considerable pastime on the The impact of classroom technology, Page 2 Journal of Technology Research part of researchers, and a number of studies have focused on the positives and negatives of technology use from the perspectives of the institution, student and professor.A recent study by Apperson, Laws and Scepansky (2006) examined the impact of PowerPoint on the students classroom live. While they found no differences in grades as a result of the use of PowerPoint in the classroom, they did find that students in PowerPointenhanced classrooms responded distinguishablely to the classroom experience. Specifically, students believed that the PowerPoint classes were better organized and more interesting. Students also rated the professor high overall and indicated that they would be more likely to take another class from that professor.Interestingly, students in PowerPoint enhanced courses also found that the instructors exhibited more positive behaviors seemingly unre lated to the use of technology, such as providing helpful feedback in a timely fashion and creating assignments that involve higherorder more critical or creative feeling. Furthermore, Atkins-Sayre, Hopkins, Mohundro, and Sayre (1998) concluded that the use of technology adds to the instructors credibility. Lecturers can manage class time more fficiently as little time is spent writing on whiteboards or changing transparencies (Daniels, 1999, Mantei, 2000), and thus lectures may flow better. Overall, Apperson et al (2006) believe that the use of technology in classrooms causes students to have a more favorable attitude toward their education, and benefits accrue to instructors who utilize it in their classes. However, technology exercise does not necessarily result in better teaching evaluations for faculty. Lowerison et al found no world-shattering relationship between actual computer use and perceived effective computer usage on course evaluations (2006).Several explanations w ere offered for this unexpected outcome, including the fact that students may now expect technology to be used in the classroom and no longer see it as a unique class feature that enhances their learning. These findings are consistent with the Christensen (1999) study mentioned earlier. It may also be the case that technology is not being used in an appropriate manner, that is, as a transformative, student-centered tool for learning, a concern expressed by Burbules and Callister (2000).Computer technology may also better support diverse needs and capacities of students, providing the potential for deeper processing and netherstanding of information (McCombs, 2000). While the technology may enhance the classroom and engage todays student more effectively, most do not believe it replaces the need for a structured, content-driving learning process that is grounded in theory. To be effective, technology-based tools must accompany appropriate pedagogy (Laurillard, 2002).As McFarlane stat es, computer use alone, without clear objectives and well designed tasks, is of little intrinsic value (1997). This paper continues the head into the impact of technology on student perceptions of their own learning as well as their academic behavior. PRESENT STUDY Students taking various production line classes in a medium-sized Midwestern university were invited to participate in research study seeking to assess the impact of the presence or absence of technology in the classroom on self-perceived student effort and behavior.Prior to the survey being administered in individual classrooms, instructors who participated were asked whether or not they made moderate or extensive use of technology in their courses. If the instructor used technology moderately or extensively, and so the survey given in that class asked the students to give their opinion regarding how the absence of technology would impact various components of The impact of classroom technology, Page 3 Journal of Tec hnology Research student learning.For example, students were asked whether the lack of technology would have a positive or negative impact on their attentiveness in class as compared to what it had been. Alternatively, if the instructor indicated that he/she did not utilize technology moderately or extensively, then the survey given in that class asked the students to give their opinion regarding how the addition of technology would impact them. Thus, for example, students in these sections were asked whether more technology usage by the instructor would affect their own take of class preparation.Survey apparent movements were based in part on three different student evaluation forms previously or currently being used by the researchers university, including an early version developed and used by all public institutions within the state, the Student instructional Report II and the IDEA Diagnostic Form Report. Both versions of the survey used the following five point scale to coll ect student opinions 1 was significantly positive, 2 was fair positive, 3 was no difference, 4 was somewhat negative, and 5 was significantly negative.The survey also included numerous demographic straitss to comfort analysis of the rejoinders. Among other things, students were asked whether they were graduate or undergrad students, their program of study or major, and their year in school (e. g. , freshman, sophomore, etc. ), as well as their grade point average and gender. In total nine business faculty members, including dickens of the papers authors, administered the survey in their classes.Faculty participants were selected on the nates of their rank, varying degrees of technological proficiency and usage, discipline, and gender in order to provide a cross-section of courses being evaluated. Classes chosen included those at the 100 (first year), 200 (second year), 300 (junior level), 400 (senior level) and graduate (700) level. In all, the survey was administered in four teen different business classes, including multiple sections of a few of the courses.The survey was administered near the source of last years fall semester. Participating faculty were asked to devote class time to allow for the completion of the survey. Enrollment in the sections surveyed totaled 700 students, including some students who were enrolled in more than one of the classes included in the sample. In total, approximately 550 usable surveys were completed and returned. A brief summary of demographic information for the undergraduate survey respondents is included in the Appendix.RESULTS disconcert 1 and 2 show the preliminary results of the data analysis. In each table, the mean response for each question is compared to a neutral response of 3 in order to evaluate the effects that each group world power anticipate given possible changes in their classroom environments. Recall that each item was based on the following five point scale 1 significantly positive, 2 somewha t positive, 3 no difference, 4 somewhat negative, and 5 significantly negative, resulting in a lower mean for a more positive perception.The mean is provided for each question as well as the number of students who gave a concomitant response. Table 1 shows the results for the surveys given in the classes in which the instructor indicated that he/she used technology moderately or extensively. The survey then asked the students to give their opinions regarding how the absence of technology would impact their learning from the course. There were 374 usable surveys returned from this set of classes. The means in Table 1 fluctuate between the high 2 range and the low 3 range. rejoinders from the students in these courses that used technology suggest that students anticipate that the loss of The impact of classroom technology, Page 4 Journal of Technology Research technology would have a positive impact (mean is slight than the neutral response of 3. 0 and statistically different fro m the neutral response) on the criterion of time they study for class each day, the amount of time they study for exams and quizzes, the quantity of notes they take, their overall attendance for the class, and their appreciation for the instructors effort.Assuming that students would view less study time as more positive, it appears that students feel they would study less if technology is removed from the course. It seems somewhat counterintuitive that the absence of technology would have a positive impact on the amount of notes that students take, however, the quantity of notes taken can be viewed from two different angles. Students may consider it a positive to take fewer notes, and students may perceive that they take fewer notes when technology is used in the classroom.The loss of technology, fit in to the students, would also have a positive impact on their attendance and their appreciation for the instructors effort. Students may perceive that it would be more beta to atte nd class to hear the material presented if the notes were not available via technology orthogonal of class. In addition, it appears that students believe that technology may make teaching easier as the loss of technology would have a positive impact on student appreciate of instructor effort.In contrast, student responses indicate that students expect that the loss of technology would have a negative impact (mean is greater than the neutral response and statistically different from the neutral response) on attentiveness in class, the amount conditioned from class, the students craving to take additional classes from the particular instructor, and the students desire to take additional classes in the subject matter. These results suggest that students perceive there are specific benefits associated with technology use in the classroom.Technology may be one way instructors can maintain student interest. Indeed, the responses appear to suggest that students perceive that they might l earn less if technology were withdrawn. Students also indicated that they would be less disposed to take additional classes from the instructor if technology were not used, and they might also be less inclined to take more courses in the same subject matter if technology were not a part of the classroom experience.On the other hand, the responses suggest that students might be more likely to attend class and have a greater appreciation for instructor effort if technology were not used in the classroom. Results of the two questions as to how a change in technology use from moderate/intensive to none at all would impact the students overall evaluation of the course and the instructor are also presented in Table 1. Students who currently experience technology in the classroom would rate a course less favorably if the technology were removed (mean to a higher place the neutral 3. and statistically different from the neutral 3. 0). However, the impact on the students ratings of the ins tructor appears to be neutral under the loss of technology scenario. Table 2 shows the results for the surveys given in the classes in which the instructor indicated that he/she did not use technology moderately or extensively. Those surveys then asked the students to share their thoughts regarding how the addition of technology would impact the how they behaved in the course. There were 183 usable surveys returned from this set of classes.The mean for every question was below the neutral response of 3, which suggests that students thought that those courses that did not presently use technology could be improved by the addition of it a lower mean again reflects a more positive impact. The responses given by the students in the courses that did not include a technology component indicated that its addition of technology would have a positive impact (mean less than and significantly different than the neutral response) for all questions except two, i. e. he amount of interaction with the instructor outside of class and the students desire to take more classes in the subject matter. These results The impact of classroom technology, Page 5 Journal of Technology Research suggest that in the opinion of the students, the addition of technology would have an overall positive impact on their behavior. The addition of technology would, according to the students, have the most positive impact on the students appreciation for the instructors effort, the amount the students learn from the course, and the quality of the notes that the students take.According to both Tables 1 and 2, the amount of interaction that students have with the instructor outside of class is technology neutral as the mean was close to 3 for both versions of the survey. Results of the two questions pertaining to how the addition of technology to a course that does not currently use it would impact the students overall evaluation of the course and the instructor are presented in Table 2 as well. The r esponses were positive (mean less than the neutral response of 3. and statistically different from the neutral response of 3. 0). These results suggest that the prospect of including technology in the classroom environment appears to increase the likelihood that students would perceive both the course and the instructor in a more favorable light. In addition to equivalence the means for each version of the survey to a neutral response of 3, the means for each version can be compared to each other. In Table 3, the first set of data (i. e. the left side) shows the results for the surveys given in the classes in which the instructor indicated that he/she used technology moderately or extensively, with the students being asked how the removal of technology would impact their behavior. The second set of data (i. e. , the right side) shows the results for the surveys given in the classes in which the instructor indicated that he/she did not use technology moderately or extensively, with the students being asked how the addition of technology would influence their behavior.Responses from those students in classrooms that currently used technology (left set) appeared to suggest a relatively neutral impact on the students evaluation of the instructor if technology were withdrawn (mean close to 3. 0), but a slightly more negative (mean above 3. 0) response to the evaluation of the course if technology were withdrawn see Table 1. Students who were in class that did not currently use technology (right set) indicated that the addition of the technology would improve their evaluation of both the course and the instructor (mean below 3. 0) see Table 2.As might be expected given the different results reported in the first two tables, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant for some of the variables as reported in Table 3. Students appear to want technology in the classroom and that desire appears to be reflected in the overall evaluation of the course and instructor. As Table 3 illustrates, students who are not currently exposed to technology in the classroom generally responded more favorably to the prospect of adding the technology than did students who imagined the technology being withdrawn.Eleven of the 17 questions reflected statistically significant differences (? 0. 050) in the mean responses between the two groups. In other words, students who currently experience technology in the classroom gave significantly different responses from those who currently did not have technology in the classroom. The questions that reflected statistically significant differences are noted with an * in Table 3.For those questions in which a statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed, responses from students who currently do not experience the use of technology in the classroom reflected more positive mean responses to the addition of technology usage than did their counter split who might experience th e withdrawal of technology in the classroom. The six items that did not generate statistically significant differences between the two survey groups were as follows make out of time you study for class each day. totality of time you study for exams and quizzes.The impact of classroom technology, Page 6 Journal of Technology Research Quantity of notes. Overall attendance. Amount of interaction with the instructor during class. Amount of interaction with the instructor outside of class. These results suggest that student perceptions of these six items are technology neutral. In other words, the addition of technology where it is currently not used or the loss of technology where it is used is not perceived to have a meaningful impact on the amount of time students study, the quantity of notes they take, their attendance, or their interaction with the instructor.In contrast for nine of the eleven items tag with an * in Table 3, technology appears to have a positive impact bec ause the loss of technology (left side) has a mean greater than 3 (negative impact) and the addition of technology (right side) has a mean less than 3 (positive impact). Therefore, according to the comparison of the two samples, technology has meaningful impact on student preparation for class, attentiveness, quality of notes taken, student participation in class, student learning, desire to take additional classes from the instructor or in the subject matter, and the overall evaluation of the course and the instructor.The student response to one question students appreciation of instructor effort is more problematic. In each group student responses suggested a change from the existing situation might be viewed more positively than maintaining the status quo, and each group reflected responses that were significantly different from a neutral response on this question see Tables 1 and 2.Although each group responded more positively than neutral to this question, students in the group without technology for whom it was suggested technology might be added responded more positively than did the students who were asked to imagine a class in which the technology might be withdrawn. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that adding technology to courses where it is not currently used is likely to have a positive impact on student perceptions of the instructor and the course as well as on most aspects of student behavior.However, it interesting to note that removing technology from courses that already use it would not appear to have a negative impact on all aspects of student behavior. For example, removal of technology from a course might, according to student responses, have a positive impact on the amount of time they study for class each day, the amount of time they study for exams and quizzes, the quantity of notes they take, their overall attendance for the class, and their appreciation for the instructors effort.However, removal of technolog y from a course that currently utilizes it would be viewed negatively in terms of the overall evaluation of the course, the students attentiveness in class, the amount the students learn from class, the students desire to take additional classes from the particular instructor, and the students desire to take additional classes in the subject matter. Comparison of the loss of technology in a course that currently uses it versus the addition of technology to a course that does not use it suggests that there are certain aspects which are technology neutral. In other words, the addition of technology where it is currently not used or the loss of technology where it is used is not perceived to have a meaningful impact on the amount of time students study, the quantity of notes they take, their attendance, or their interaction with the instructor. In contrast, technology appears to have a meaningful impact on student preparation for class, attentiveness, quality of notes taken, student pa rticipation in class, The impact of classroom technology, Page 7Journal of Technology Research student learning, desire to take additional classes from the instructor or in the subject matter, and the overall evaluation of the course and the instructor. The research is not meant to determine how effective technology was in helping students learn or which technology might be most effective. Rather, this research focuses on student perceptions or opinions regarding technology usage and how adding technology to a course that does not use it or eliminating technology from a course that does use it might impact a students perception of the course or the faculty member as well as his/her behavior.These results suggest that students taking business classes at this Midwestern University perceive that technology use in the classroom does indeed have an overall positive impact. While technological enhancement may not necessarily be appropriate for all classroom situations and all subject matt er, these results suggest that instructors who are comfortable using technology and find that it enhances their teaching experience should continue to incorporate it in their classes. Those who do, however, must remember technology for what it is a tool which can have a positive impact on student behaviors and perceptions when used appropriately.LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH There are several limitations to the present study. The results were drawn from data collected from students enrolled in business courses at a single Midwestern University and, therefore, the results may not be generalized to hold for different populations such as nonbusiness students or students at universities in other parts of the country or even the world. Further analysis is presently underway that considers the impact of the addition of technology to a course that does not use it or the removal of technology from a course that does use it on a students perception of instructor effectiveness.In addition, while this particular research focuses on student perceptions of technology use, the ultimate goal of technology integration in the classroom should be to help students learn. Therefore, further research to help to identify which technology uses are most educationally meaningful would help educators to make informed decisions regarding the plethora of technology tools available for the classroom today. Gaining a better understanding of student expectations regarding technology use for students of different ages would also be useful information.Another avenue of future research, which could only occur subsequent to the two avenues previously mentioned, would be a study of whether student perceptions are congruent with the use of technology tools that are found to be most effective in advancing student learning. The impact of classroom technology, Page 8 Journal of Technology Research Table 1 Comparison of Student Responses Relative to a Neutral Response for the jounce on Personal B ehavior of the going of Technology Where It is Now physical exercised Expected Effect of the Loss of Technology Std testN Mean Dev stat Alpha The level of your preparation for each class session. 72 3. 032 0. 968 0. 643 0. 521 The amount of time you study for class each day. * 373 2. 831 0. 843 3. 870 0. 000 The amount of time you study for exams and 373 2. 721 0. 960 5. 608 0. 000 quizzes. * Your attentiveness in class. * 372 3. 228 1. 197 3. 682 0. 000 The quantity of notes you take. * 372 2. 769 1. 324 3. 368 0. 001 The quality of notes you take. 373 3. 078 1. 302 1. 153 0. 250 Your level of participation in class discussions. 372 3. 043 0. 895 0. 927 0. 355 Your overall attendance for the class. * 373 2. 788 0. 823 4. 967 0. 000 The amount of your interaction with the instructor during class. 73 2. 976 0. 824 0. 565 0. 572 The amount of interaction with the instructor outside 373 3. 005 0. 846 0. 122 0. 903 of class. The amount you learn from class. * 373 3. 231 1. 090 4. 084 0. 000 Your appreciation for the instructors effort. * 372 2. 849 1. 038 2. 798 0. 005 Your appreciation for the importance of the material. 373 2. 960 0. 925 0. 840 0. 402 Your desire to take additional classes from the particular instructor. * 374 3. 112 0. 981 2. 213 0. 028 Your desire to take additional classes in the subject matter. * 374 3. 104 0. 916 2. 202 0. 028 Your overall evaluation of this course. * 372 3. 290 1. 62 5. 271 0. 000 Your overall evaluation of this instructor. 372 3. 048 1. 008 0. 926 0. 355 Note Questions with statistically significant differences between mean responses and an expected neutral response 3. 0 are mark with an *. The impact of classroom technology, Page 9 Journal of Technology Research Table 2 Comparison of Student Responses Relative to a Neutral Response for the Impact on Personal Behavior of the Addition of Technology Where It Is Not Used Expected Effect of the Addition of Technology Std testN Mean Dev stat alpha The level of your prepara tion for each class session. * 183 2. 601 0. 83 6. 112 0. 000 The amount of time you study for class each day. * 183 2. 820 0. 822 2. 967 0. 003 The amount of time you study for exams and quizzes. * 183 2. 634 0. 860 5. 762 0. 000 Your attentiveness in class. * 183 2. 634 1. 111 4. 460 0. 000 The quantity of notes you take. * 183 2. 743 1. 202 2. 891 0. 004 The quality of notes you take. * 183 2. 557 1. 179 5. 077 0. 000 Your level of participation in class discussions. * 183 2. 814 0. 776 3. 238 0. 001 Your overall attendance for the class. * 183 2. 689 0. 959 4. 395 0. 000 The amount of your interaction with the instructor during class. * 183 2. 891 0. 41 1. 996 0. 047 The amount of interaction with the instructor outside of class. 183 2. 962 0. 615 0. 842 0. 401 The amount you learn from class. * 183 2. 563 1. 040 5. 684 0. 000 Your appreciation for the instructors effort. * 183 2. 546 1. 004 6. 113 0. 000 Your appreciation for the importance of the material. * 183 2. 590 0. 890 6. 227 0. 000 Your desire to take additional classes from the particular instructor. * 182 2. 747 0. 929 3. 668 0. 000 Your desire to take additional classes in the subject matter. 182 2. 901 0. 848 1. 573 0. 117 Your overall evaluation of this course. * 182 2. 571 1. 031 5. 605 0. 00 Your overall evaluation of this instructor. * 182 2. 582 0. 976 5. 775 0. 000 Note Questions with statistically significant differences between mean responses and an expected neutral response 3. 0 are marked with an *. The impact of classroom technology, Page 10 Journal of Technology Research Table 3 Comparison of Responses to Questions about Student Behavior for the Impact of the Loss of Technology Where It is Now Used (Left Set) versus the Addition of Technology in Classes Where It is Not Used (Right Set) Expected Effect of Expected Effect of the Loss of the Addition of Technology Technology N Mean Std Dev N Mean Std Dev alphaThe level of your preparation for each class session. * The amount of time you study for class each day. The amount of time you study for exams and quizzes. Your attentiveness in class. * The quantity of notes you take. The quality of notes you take. * Your level of participation in class discussions. * Your overall attendance for the class. The amount of your interaction with the instructor during class. The amount of interaction with the instructor outside of class. The amount you learn from class. * Your appreciation for the instructors effort. Your appreciation for the importance of the material. * Your desire to take additional classes from the instructor. * Your desire to take additional classes in the subject matter. * Your overall evaluation of this course. * 372 373 373 372 372 373 372 373 373 373 373 372 373 374 374 372 3. 03 2. 83 2. 72 3. 23 2. 77 3. 08 3. 04 2. 79 2. 98 3. 01 3. 23 2. 85 2. 96 3. 11 3. 10 3. 29 0. 97 0. 84 0. 96 1. 20 1. 32 1. 30 0. 90 0. 82 0. 82 0. 85 1. 09 1. 04 0. 93 0. 98 0. 92 1. 06 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 183 1 83 183 183 183 182 182 182 2. 60 2. 82 2. 63 2. 63 2. 74 2. 56 2. 1 2. 69 2. 89 2. 96 2. 56 2. 55 2. 59 2. 75 2. 90 2. 57 0. 88 0. 82 0. 86 1. 11 1. 20 1. 18 0. 78 0. 96 0. 74 0. 61 1. 04 1. 00 0. 89 0. 93 0. 85 1. 03 0. 000 0. 880 0. 298 0. 000 0. 825 0. 000 0. 003 0. 205 0. 237 0. 534 0. 000 0. 001 0. 000 0. 000 0. 012 0. 000 Your overall evaluation of this instructor. * 372 3. 05 1. 01 182 2. 58 0. 98 0. 000 Note Questions with statistically significant differences in the mean responses between the two groups are marked with an *. The impact of classroom technology, Page 11 Journal of Technology Research REFERENCES Apperson, J. , Laws, E. and Scepansky, J. (2006). The Impact of Presentation Graphics on Students Experience in the Classroom. Computers and Education, 47(1), 116-126. Atkins-Sayre, W. , Hopkins, S. , Mohundro, S. and Sayre, W. (1998). Rewards and Liabilities of Presentation Software as an ancillary Tool Prison or Paradise? Paper presented at the National Communicati on Association Eighty Fourth Annual Conference, New York, NY. Burbules, N. and Callister, T. , Jr. (2000). discover IT The Promises and Risk of New Information Technologies for Education. Boulder, CO Westview Press. Christensen, K. (1999).A Comparison of Student Performance in Human Development Classes Using Three Different Modes of Delivery Online, Face-to-Face, and Combined. Ed. D. Dissertation, division of Education, Drake University. Daniels, L. (1999). Introducing Technology in the Classroom PowerPoint as a First Step. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 10, 42-56. Epper, R. and Bates, A. (2001). Teaching Faculty How to Use Technology. American Council on Education. Oryx Press. Laurillard, D. (2002). Rethinking University Teaching A Framework for the Effective Use of Educational Technology (2nd ed. . London Routledge. Lowerison, G. , Sclater, J. , Schmid, R. F. , and Abrami, P. C. (2006). Student Perceived Effectiveness of Computer Technology Use in Post-secondary Class rooms. Computer and Education, 47, 465-489. Mantei, E. (2000). Using Internet Class Notes and PowerPoint in the Physical Geology Lecture. Journal of College Science Teaching, 29, 301-305. McCombs, B. (2000). Assessing the Role of Educational Technology in the Teaching and eruditeness Process A Learner-Centered Perspective. The Secretarys Conference on Educational Technology 2000. www. d. gov/Technology/techconf/2000/mccombs_paper. html. McFarlane, A. (1997). What Are We and How Did We Get Here? In A. McFarlane (ED. ), Information Technology and Authentic Learning Realizing the Potential of Computers in the Primary Classroom. London, England Routledge. Roblyer, M. (2003). Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching. (3rd ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NJ Merrill Prentice Hall. Witcher, A. , Onwuegbuzie, A. , Collins, K. , Filer, J. , Wiedmaier, C. , and Moore, C. Students Perceptions of Characteristics of Effective College Teachers.ERIC Document replica Service ED 482517. The impac t of classroom technology, Page 12 Journal of Technology Research APPENDIX Demographic Information for Undergraduate Students in the exemplification Technology = Technology Used Impact of the Absence of Technology No Technology = Technology Not Used Impact of the Addition of Technology study for Undergraduate Students in Sample Technology No Technology (N = 329) (N = 155) Accounting 19% 15% Economics Finance Health Service Administration attention Marketing Business Undeclared Other Non-business 5% 8% 8% 26% 13% 14% 7% 5% 13% 8% 23% 8% 18% 10%Year for Undergraduate Students in Sample Technology No Technology (N = 329) (N = 155) Freshman 18% 3% Sophomore junior-grade Senior 22% 32% 28% 52% 23% 22% ?2 tests for differences in the scattering of majors between the two groups and for differences in the distribution of undergraduate years did not reject the null hypothesis.It was assumed there were no significant differences in the distribution of undergraduate majors or in the dist ribution of students in terms of academic progress when comparing the two groups. Technology (N = 329) Female Male Student gender 40% 60% No Technology (N = 155) Female Male 49% 51% A test of proportions suggested no significant difference in the proportion of female to male students when comparing the two groups included in this study. The impact of classroom technology, Page 13

Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico Essay

Aztec finisIntroduction The history of disparate slew and how they lived in the past is majorly explained through their cultural way of life. passel lived in different geographical localities, but due to similar ethic and racial background they divided up a communal background in terms of cultural, political, social, and religious beliefs. Aztec empire is one of the societies that lived in different geographical localities which included hot Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Nevada, but shared similar culture. The empire was potpourried by millions of plenty who migrated and settled in Mexico with most of them living in Tenochtitlan (Pennock, 2011). The Aztec had a culture that was complicated although rich in religious and mythological beliefs. The lot culture encompassed dodges (carvings on animals and religious images) medical specialty, dressing, dance, drinks, sports, nutrition, games, and rituals that could involve human hold and they were transferred from one generat ion to the new(prenominal). The Aztec empire believed that a family was the most important aspect that signified life and invigorated generations. The family was composed of men, women, and children and each member had a specific duty towards the family. Men were responsible for looking for food through hunting and gathering of wild fruits. Women were left to cook food and do the weaving jobs plot they took care of children during the day. Children or young boys were trained on how to hunt and gather fruits and foods by their fathers and some went to school. On the other hand, young girls were trained on how to do household chores by their mothers in addition to weaving. A family was st artificeed through tradition marriage that was conducted through ceremonies and was between young girls as young as 15 years and men as young as eighteen years (Pennock, 2011). Art was one of the slipway the Aztec culture recorded information on different beliefs, religion, and war fare. The rec ordings helped the people to transfer their beliefs and cultiure to other generations so that they would be continuous from one generation to the other. Since in the early Aztec culture few technology on recording and preserving information were available, they recorded their information inform of paintings and writings on the bark of trees. The writings and paintings were whence stored in the temple and people could read and use the paintings to learn their history and they warfare encounter (Smith, 2008). The art works was done using various themes such as insects, animals, fish, and plants. Moreover, others reflected religion beliefs and gods that were majorly placed in temples. Hence, art was important in the Aztec culture as it was employ to record their activities and events that could be passed from one generation to the other. religion was evident in Aztec culture. The Aztec people idolizationped different gods and goddess that were reason according to their responsibil ities. Since Aztec people were primarily farmers, they conducted rituals in form of ceremonies every year before planting so that they could ensure that they could get a advantageously crop and harvest. The ceremonies involved human releases that were use to gods, Tezcatlipoca (Hassig, 2013). The human sacrifices were obtained from children or prisoners that were captured during war with the neighbouring societies. They believed that human blood and emotional state was important so as to strengthened the gods and goddesses and bless them with good harvests in addition to their protection and contain other societies to get more prisoners for human sacrifices. Moreover, they build large temples that were meant for performing the human sacrifices (Smith, 2008). The Aztec empire in addition had a unique dress that was used to identify them with their culture that was part of art. The material of the dressing was mainly a beautiful fabric of bright colours that was intertwined and tailored to different roles. The bright colours and design were unique to Aztec people and helped them to identify with their culture. The dressing colours were also used to identify social single out as the quality and the design were unique to social class (Dwyer, Stout, & Stout, 2013). The wealthy class were characterised with the best qualities and designs as the parking areaer material quality was low. Dance was performed in line with religious and social activities in the society. In some instances, dancing was performed as a religious ritual that was meant to please gods so that they could give blessings to the people and protect them from evil (Dwyer et al, 2013). Moreover, the dance was also done to colour ceremonies that varied from entertainment to ritual ceremonies. The dances were performed in accompaniment with harmony. The music was sang and played as a form of rituals or players to gods. Different music had different themes. Some music was purely for entertainmen t while others were purely dedicated to gods. Moreover music was performed based on seasons. Various instruments such as drums, flutes, and rattles were used to play music as rise as chanting as a way to worship gods. Therefore, dancing and music were used by the Aztec to preserve their cultures from one generation to the other. The culture has various games and sports that were important in their culture. The games provided entertainment to leaders and other people distinguished in the social class. The entertainment was also done during ceremonies in the society. Moreover, the games could also be performed to portray religious meaning. For religious ceremonies, games were performed during human or other sacrifice to appease the gods so that they could rent the sacrifice and do as the people had played. The Aztec empire had different kinds and unique food that were rich and severe with spices. The dishes that were vulgar and popular among the Aztec were tortillas, tacos, and ta males. There were other foods that were gathered by men like seeds of sage plants that were common as cereal, eggs, dogs, turkey, and rabbits (Culture and Arts, 2013). Unlike other cultures, most of Aztec food was made with chilli peppers as the main spice. Delicacies that were common among the Aztec people were green slime. The food was obtained from Lake Texococo and its taste was compared to that of cheese. Most of the time enjoyed water as a form of refreshments and in special occasions or ceremonies beer was the main form of drinks. The Aztecs also enjoyed drinks such as glowing sweetened chocolate and sometimes octilli. The latter was common among the noble people and other people of a higher social class. Aztec people day to day life involved agriculture as a form of socioeconomic practices. Their main type of crop that they cultivated was corn. The people were hard working and dedicated farming to their gods and they were able to have crops in extra. Few practiced irrigati on on the dry lands while the mass ploughed on shallow lakes. Farmers transferred mud and soil from dry land to the shallow lakes thus forming islands, chinampas that they in turn used as land for agriculture (Cohn, 2013). The islands were very fertile and productive, which resulted in food surplus. The surplus food and other crops were sold to the other comm building blockies and neighbouring empires through Tlateolco market that united various communities. Although Aztecs lacked monetary system, they used barter trade of exchange of goods and services. The Aztecs were most of the time involved in wars where they capture prisoners for human sacrifice and slaves for their economic purposes. They used futile weapons to fight other tribes and neighbouring communities (Clendinnen, 2010). Some of the weapons that were common among them were wooden clubs. The clubs were edged with pieces of obsidians that were sourish forming a tool that they commonly referred to as macuahuitl. The wea pon was used to demobilize the enemies without killing them so that they could be captured as slaves and prisoners for human sacrifice. Other weapons prevalent among the Aztecs were spears and arrow that could either disable or kill the enemies. certainty Aztec culture was rich in art works such as carvings of different images. They believed family as unit of life and marriage was between a man and women. In family, men were hunters and gatherers while women cooked food and weaved clothes. The people had different types of foods such as eggs, cereals, meat, and fish. Spicy pepper was common among the community. The people had religious beliefs and worshiped many gods and goddess that were categorised based on events or season. They sacrificed human beings for the gods in order to be protected and their land to be blessed. In addition, they had different games that could be played in times of ceremonies or religious rituals. Dance was common among the people in combination with music . Similarly, dance and music was done as a way of worship or entertainment in ceremonies. The people had a unique dress that identified them with their culture.ReferencesClendinnen, I. (2010). The cost of fortitude in Aztec society essays on Mesoamerican society and culture. Cambridge University Press.Cohn, J. (2013). The Aztecs. New York Gareth Stevens Pub.Culture and Arts. (2013). Mexico Country Review, 178-184.Dwyer, H., Stout, M., & Stout, M. (2013). Aztec history and culture. New York, NY Gareth Stevens Pub.Hassig, R. (2013). Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico. University of Texas Press.Pennock, C. (2011). A Remarkably Patterned Life Domestic and Public in the Aztec Household City. Gender & History, 23(3), 528-546.Smith, M. E. (2008). The Aztec Empire. The Aztec World. Ed. Brumfiel, E., M. and Gary M. F. New York Abrams, 2008. 121-136.Source document

Comparison of Tragic Heroes: Othello and Willy Loman Essay

Tragic heroism dominates many of the plays written in the ahead years of literature. Many of the kn confess authors and playwrights used them in their works to represent their main character. Among the more best-selling(predicate) tragical heroes in the literary history are Othello from Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare and Willy Loman from Arthur Millers finish of a Salesman. These two characters, although both foregather the qualifications of a tragic hero, do so in polar ways.In Aristotles Poetics, he outlined the characteristics of a tragic hero as follows first, somebody who has a noble standing or who has a high position relative to his culture he should be great, but non to the point of perfection. Spectators must be able to relate to him as a man, not someone so godly. A fatal character flaw would cause his downfall and the consequences or punishments that he receives for it usually surpass the crime. However, the fall should not be limited to pure lo ss but whitethorn similarly be an increased awareness, some kind of self-discovery or self-realization or gained self-knowledge.Othello perfectly fit the standards provided above. He was a prominent man being the general and commander of the armed forces of Venice. People keep him and look up to him because of his noble stature. However, as the play progresses, it slowly unveils the character flaws of Othello. His being so rely of Iago, which was partly because of his military mindset of fully giving total confidence to a comrade, led him to be manipulated advantageously. He was lured to believe that his wife was having an affair with another man. His jealousy took the better of him, thus he was not able to think clearly.This character flaw pulled him down from the pedestal for it showed that even though he was a very prominent person, he also have some weaknesses just like all manhood do. As the story comes to an end, he was overcome by his suspicion of his wifes dalliance, wh ich made him bolt down her. It was only after that incident that he realized his foolishness for believing Iago. Thus, before he took his life, he stated Speak of one that loved not wisely, but too well, of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, perplexed in an extreme. (Act V, Scene 2).Too late was his realization of his deficiency of wisdom and naivete, which led to the tragic ending of the story. Willy Loman, on the other hand, has a different story. He whitethorn not be a very prominent person just like Othello, but within the realm of his culture, he is at the higher post. He was a successful businessman he has his own home, a car, and what he perceived as a wonderful family. He saw himself as someone very important in his family and a cut above his contemporaries. This claim is evident in his recital in Act 1 where he uttered Im the New England man. Im vital in New England.This prominence, although self-perceived made him qualify for the first qualification of a tra gic hero. His flaws, however, also came from the perception he had of himself. He set a high standard for his son based on what he had accomplished, which the latter failed to achieve. As he got older, he became less effective as a salesman and things began red ink out of hand. He made major mistakes after another including an affair with another woman, which was discovered by his son making things worse. His faults, however, are not planned but were spontaneously derived from previous misfortunes.In the end, the once very happy and contented Willy Loman became very sad and miserable that he decided to end his life through a car crash. We can see in these two characters the fulfilment of the qualifications for a tragic hero in different ways. Othello, somehow manages to fit in classically while Loman had to achieve it by diving deeper into the criteria. Nevertheless, the main idea of being a tragic hero was met by both, thus they are considered as such. This only goes to show that literature is not limited, which is a good thing because it allows writers to explore different possibilities of meeting set standards.

Ferguson Police Officer Essay

wherefore has the shooting of eighteen year old Michael browned affected my community? Some say it was a race issue others say it was law brutality. racial discrimination being a very sensitive consider in the community that I give way in, all though I do not conk in Ferguson City, it is only a twenty minute drive from my front door. It has effected where I live as it brings up accomplished rights, police use of unlawful and deadly force, and racism issues. The shooting of this young cosmos has rocked our communities, and it is more than deally to get worse before getting better. How can we stop events want this from happening in our communities?The civil rights of several us citizens had been violated in the following ways. We as a people have the right to peaceful protest, freedom of speech, not be profiled, and not be unlawfully detained or restrained. One afternoon in Ferguson Missouri all of these rights got broken and started a horrible civil rights protest. Severa l Ferguson by police officers and other locallaw officials have been accused in recent lawsuits by citizen about civil rights violations. Some of these allegations include killing a mentally ill man with a Taser, hitting a child with a pistol. Choking and hog tying a child. overcome a man and charging him with property damage because his blood splatter on the officers c grasshes. A Mother (Tracey White) and her son was arrested for practicing her rights to freedom of speech while waiting for a ride home after peacefully protesting.When is it alright for an officer to use deadly force? Use of deadly force is grateful if the suspect is a threat to the officer or the general public safety. The Ferguson police reported that Mr. Brown got boltd on during a struggle with the officer. Dorian Johnson, the friend that was with Michael. Stated that the officer opened fire when the young men refused to move from the middle of the street. Police and protestors some(prenominal) agree that Mr . Brown was unarmed.Now with both parties agreeing that the young Mr. Brown had no weapon there was no threat that requires the use of deadly force. In the quest to realise the racial dynamics of police brutality, we are well overdue for a impudently visual beyond Rodney King getting, (Shedd, Jan). Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson (officer that fired the shots that killed Michael Brown) told authorities Brown reached for the gun during a struggle. Officer Wilsons account of the instance did not explain why he shot at Michael multiple times after emerging from his vehicle.Which now brings me to the racism side of the situation. If this was not race oriented. and so why this unarmed young black male was shot six times two of which were in the head. His body was allowed to lie in the center of Canfield Drive for over four hours. These have caused many unalike events to expire, and there has been looting of business like the market, tire and rim shop, and the salon. Businesses to be burned to the ground like the quick-trip after it got looted. The peaceful protest went on for the first week ended with a standoff amidst protesters and police. The police formed a line and engaged the protestors with tear gas. After long nights of back and aside daybreak would arrive, and things would mellow out slightly.First days of school in Ferguson had been postponed due to the facility did not feel it was safe to have children in the schools the first couple day.Racism is manifested or reflected in a multiplicity of ways, including the teaching of basically Eurocentric curriculum the paucity of research and courses on racism the absence seizure of an anti-racist pedagogy incident of racial harassment and overt racism the lack of resources allocated to implement effectively and anti-racism policies and practices the superpower relations between sporting majority and minority faculty and staff the polarization between white students and students of color, and the ra mpart to social change processes designed to eliminate racism. Despite the fact that racism is a permeant and systemic force (Frances & Tator, 1999).Two and a half months have gone by since Michael Brown was gunned knock off in the streets of Ferguson Missouri by police officer Darren Wilson. The social and political movements that were started by young Michael browns expiration are still raging on. People from Ferguson and from across the nation came together for a weekend of resistance. Those who attended took part in marches, rallies, and demonstration for several days.All leading up to a big rally on Saturday October, 12 2014. There were reports of over Three thousand people in attention for the march on Saturday being called legal expert for all. It was a diverse crowd of supporters in the streets of St. Louis Missouri. Protestors are demanding justice for Brown and other black men who have been slain by police officers. A lot of the protests have intensified because of t he way that the police have responded.The events that have occurred could have been avoided. We as citizens need to understand that these kinds of issues happen everywhere. Issues of this sort do not just appear out of thin air. If we were more multiform in our communities and the voting of our government officials, we would be heard sooner. Members of our society need to stand up for our rights, communities pick strong leaders ones that listen not just hear our options and make changes in our towns and cities. Together as one we can be heard and put a stop to all the violence and police brutalities. Participation will help us all as United States citizens win our civil rights back.ReferencesFrances, H., & Tator, C. (1999). Racism and the university. _Canadian Ethnic Studies, 26.3_(74), 1.Shedd, C. (January 2010). Race and Police Brutality Roots of an Urban Dilemma. _Contemporary sociology, 43_(39.1), 1.

Family Members Making Care Decisions Health And Social Care Essay

Every twelvemonth the United States spends more than $ 100 billion supplying concern for 1000000s of persons touch by signifiers of dementia and for their informal caregivers.1 Assuming no alteration in the incidence of dementia and its wariness bringing, between 11 and 19 million people in the U.S. go out hold dementia by the twelvemonth 2050 with projected one-year Medicare costs transcending one trillion dollars ( Family Caregiver Alliance, 2005 ) .It is estimated that 13 million to 15 million grownups in the United States have chronic conditions that impair psychical map, such as Alzheimer s disease, shot, Parkinson s disease, and traumatic encephalon injustice. Despite the big figure of people necessitating hands-on upkeep, we k straight off wee nearly how family units make decisions somewhat in-home heed and nursing place attention. See the illustration of make up ones minding whether to put a relation in a long-run attention installation ( Family Caregiver Allia nce, 2000 ) . dementia causes a high load of enduring for patients and their places. For patients, in add-on to cognitive and functional impairment, dementedness leads to carriageal and psychological complications, increased usage of ague and long-run wellness attention services, heterogeneous clinical education of other comorbid conditions, and increased act for medical complications such as craze, falls, motor vehicle clangs, incontinency, breaks, and infections. For household wellness professionals, dementedness can take to higher degrees of anxiousness, depression, usage of psychotropic medicines, and chronic weariness ( Boustani, 2007, p. 631 ) .Family members attention for about 75 % of these patients at place ( Dunkin & A Anderson-Hanley ( 1998 ) . Given the patterned pull ahead of this enfeebling status and troth in attention, it is oftentimes the grownups household members who must do the complex stopping points about attention for a mentally impaired nourish as the parent progresses through the class of the dementedness.Making attention objects for a mentally impaired older household member can ensue in emotional, physical, and financial hurt, which in malefactor create tenseness and struggle in the household ( Donelan, 2002 ) . In a qualitative canvass of the welcome of wellness professionals actively involved in puting an older grownup in a long-run attention installation upon discharge from ague attention, noted that health professionals normally described internal struggle before, during, and after doing a determination about arrangement ( Walsh, 2002 ) .Dementia is predicted to be one of the greatest world-wide disease burdens in the twenty- graduation exercise century with one new instance happening every 7 seconds. Alzheimer disease ( AD ) , the commonest cause of dementedness is a progressive, degenerative disease of the encephalon is the most common signifier of mental damage ( Whitlatch, 2006 ) . Symptoms of Alzheimer s disease by and large advancement in phases. Functional troubles worsen in badness and frequence oer a class of eight to ten old ages, ensuing finally in complete prejudice of memory, judgement, crimp idea and ability to command behaviour. At the terminal of this flight, the wiz becomes deaf-and-dumb person and bedridden and dies of the disease ( Sloan, 2008 ) .As the affected single learns a gradual loss of rational maps, judgement becomes impaired and the individual focuses on irrelevant concerns, as all ability for abstract logical tightenking is lost. Recent memory is impaired, and there is a gradual loss of distant memory. The individual s emotions become labile and frequently inappropriate, jumping between agitation and apathy. Speech forms are thin and insistent, and finally the individual loses the ability to hide mental jobs from household and others in their lives ( The Alzheimer s Association, 2004 ) .Much of the search to day of the month about household decision -making sing attention has been dominated by premature classifications that rival ill with today s complex intergenerational relationships and wellness attention environment. Since anterior seek has excessively contract the model in which to analyze attention determinations for mentally impaired parents, it is clip to analyze the research range in which we study this phenomenon. The comparative dearth of interpretative surveies in the country of determination devising for mentally impaired parents limit our apprehension of grownup offspring and their experience of doing attention determinations for this vulnerable population ( Nease, 1995 ) .The proposed research is intended to research and understand the experience of household members doing attention determinations for aged parents that have mental conditions. The training aggregation scheme is designed to be from the sources point of position and sensitive to the emerging concerns of the sources themselves. To carry through this, open-ended inquiries will be asked and carefully screened out any preconceived impressions of what the experience might be like for the participants. This enabled the research worker to understand the sources experience during the under report. The deepness of understanding gained from this attack leads to stiff appraisal tools, comprehensive course of study for wellness attention suppliers, direct patient intercessions, and reconsideration of wellness attention policy, all of which are aimed at bettering household results. The research worker will come to grok the demands, feelings, values, beliefs the household members who are doing these complex determinations. The direction and analysis of informations was enhanced by usage of the package end EZ-TEXT 3.06C which offered quick hunt, retrieval and browse of all informations sections. Significant text phrases were coded and labeled transitions with similar labels were categorized and grouped into subjects. demographic i nformation ( age scope, instruction, work scene, figure of siblings, presence of a mentally integral parent, subject of dementedness of the receiver of the attention determination, length of clip since doing the attention determination ) was investigated to see if it informed the aims.The purposeful sample distribution will lie in of household members who had made determinations about attention of a mentally impaired parent within the past twelvemonth. Approximately 20 sources will be recruited for this heap through Sacred bosom Home. Adults over 21 who identified themselves as holding primary duty for doing determinations about the attention of a cognitively impaired parent aged 65 or older, who could talk English, and who consented to take part were take on in the survey. Since a pop out of health professionals are adult females, it is anticipated that the sample will dwell chiefly of adult females. Sacred Heart Home installation is a immense installation it is comprised of over 100 beds, caring for more than 200 aged patients yearly. Respondents were solicited on-site at the nursing centre with aid from don by personally passing out the paper petitions for engagement in the survey.An abstract of the survey and transcripts of consent signifiers will be made available to possible respondents who are willing to depict the experience of doing attention determinations for mentally impaired parents by the decision maker. The rights of participants will be assured in the nib of the survey, a written consent signifier and confidentiality of single informations. Once respondents have been identified and has given consent to take part in the survey, each individual will be contacted by phone and explained the survey in a little more item. The interviews will dwell of open-ended inquiries designed to arouse peculiar(prenominal) histories of events and feelings produces informations that are closer to populate experience. Each respondent will be interviewed fo r about one hr at the installation site or by phone, whichever is more convenient for each single respondent. During this interview, the first motion will be I know you made a determination about attention for your parent a short piece ago. State me about when you decided. The 2nd inquiry will be designed to arouse an opposite emotional response from the tone of the answer to the first inquiry. For illustration, if the informat relates how disconcerting the determination was for them, so the inquiry will be asked what has reassured or comforted the respondent since doing a major(ip) determination about attention a mentally impaired parents. The 3rd inquiry will postulate about a typical twenty-four hours in the life of the respondent when some contact with or about the parent has been made. Active hearing and usage of non-directive techniques such as contemplation and restatement will advance treatment during the interviews.Since the end of this survey is to obtain a description that exactly captures the significance of the experience, this analysis is coincidental with informations aggregation. Data aggregation will happen in two stages. During the first stage, the research worker will place cardinal features of the interaction while retaining informant individualism. The 2nd stage will include a thematic analysis during which the research worker underlines text phrases that stand entirely in intending. Questions asked when construing subjects will include the possible being of an implicit in procedure that household members go through when doing attention determinations for a mentally impaired parent. All important phrases will be labeled with probationary labels. These labels inform the behavior of the following interview by assisting the interviewer to research probationary togss during the following interview. This procedure is reiterative and consequences in great specificity as more informations are collected. Data will be examined for factors that potentially affect the experience of doing the unfavorable determinations for a parent. The direction and analysis informations will be enhanced by usage of the package plan EZ-TEXT 3.06C. This plan offers a powerful and intuitive environment for get bying with built-in complexness of under fetchings and informations. Interviews, field notes, memos and determination will be collected and organized, EZ-TEXT 3.06C offers rapid hunt, retrieval and browse of all informations sections. unity of import inquiry that has been studied by research workers is the impact of caregiving for dementedness sick persons versus non-dementia individuals. In a survey, which drew from more than 1500 household health professionals in the 1996 National Caregiver Study, it was found that household health professionals of relations who suffered dementedness were more likely to endure from health professional strain and mental and physical jobs than those who cared for a non-demented relation. unoccupied c lip and clip with other household members was reduced possibility lending to more household struggle. In addtion, dementedness health professionals experienced more complications with employment than nondementia health professionals ( Ory, Hoffman, Yee, Tennustedt & A Schultz, 1999 ) .In contrast, some other survey of differences in caregiving effects between dementedness health professionals and nondementia non-caregivers , found that when taken as whole, the sample of 52 health professionals and 66 non-caregivers did non differ in health professional strain. However, when within gender differences were compared, female health professionals suffered the most strain, which resulted in wellness jobs, household struggle, and strained relationships. Both female and male dementedness health professionals had less positive mentalities and more demand for societal support than their gender specific nondementia noncaregivers ( Ekwall, 2007 ) . Although this survey was conducted in Swed en, which means the consequences must be interpreted with cautiousness for generalisation to American health professionals, the sample came from a larger survey whose population was drawn from a representative sample of health professionals and noncaregivers. This is a discriminable advantage in a field where there are troubles obtaining representative samples.These apparently arbitrary results for dementedness health professionals are once more demonstrated in two surveies. In a yearbook longitudinal survey of 188 dementedness health professionals, nonsubjective and subjective primary emphasis predicted health professionals hazard of a depressive upset from those who remained at low hazard. Objective primary emphasis consisted of behavior jobs of the dementia household member subjective primary emphasis was defined as function imprisonment and overload. In another survey, 43 health professionals kept diaries for 14 yearss, noticing on their caregiving activities, daily temper, and riotous behaviours of the household member. Independent raters and flock analysis showed that there are variable degrees of hurt among dementia health professionals ( Schubert, 2008 ) . The consequences of this survey, nevertheless, appear to be complicated by methodological jobs since the writers frequently intertwine both qualitative and quantitative nomenclature.Emotional rousing appears to be an of import settingual stimulation in health professionals s ability to rate their ain wellness. One hundred and sixty eight grownup offspring were studied to find how a sense of self-coherence impacts hurt in health professionals of encephalon impaired parents. Interviews utilizing mensurable graduated tables of self-coherence, emotional rousing, perceived wellness and crisis were make at the beginning and terminal of six months. Consequences showed that crisis was positively agree with emotional rousing and negatively correlated with self-coherence and perceived wellness. Perceiv ed wellness was reciprocally related to emotional rousing despite the presence or absence of crisis ( Dunkin & A Anderson-Haley, 1998 ) . The latter determination is of import since recent surveies seem to bespeak that the wellness of the health professional is a major variable in dementia patient arrangementMost standards proposed for doing determinations about degrees of attention are care receiver related symptoms such as impaired IADLs and ADLs. Caregiver features and health professional well-being, nevertheless, are stronger forecasters of arrangement determinations than attention receiving system attributes. These properties include perceived relationships with parents. Contrary to the myth of seniors in isolation, there is strong grounds that middle aged offspring and their aged parents remain close, and more than one-half talk by phone or in individual at least one fourth dimension a hebdomad ( Deimling, 1992 ) .Womans frequently assume the function of kinkeeper and study more contact with parents than work forces do. The bulk of household health professionals are girls or daughters-in-law lovingness for an aged female parent. When divorce is taken into the equation, nevertheless, the tie down between grownup offspring and parents seems to weaken. Weaker ties between kids and divorced parents raising concerns about future coevalss of aged parents. handicapped or frail divorced parents may non be able to number on personal and fiscal support from their kids ( Smerglia & A Deimling, 1997 ) .Making determinations with and for an older individual is seldom a straightforward procedure. Unlike single, chisel job work outing in a inactive environment, existent life jobs are frequently equivocal, high interest mystery, which are played out by many people in unsure, changing environments. Family deliberations about an older member s attention, although by and large on-going, are frequently influenced by an emotionally charged heath attention crisis, which may take to determinations with negative effects. Research workers who began analyzing how people made determinations in their natural environment found that rational criterions and theoretical accounts of determination devising did non take into history the context in which the determination is made or the adaptative features of the determination shaper ( Gaugler, 2003 ) . Additionally, determinations become influenced by viing, fixation ends and impacted by the effects of old actions and clip stressorsGiven the huge array of services now available for mentally impaired older grownups, determinations about attention are less structured than taking between two options, subjected to viing single and social ends, and made in unsure, dynamic environments. These surveies might non be pass toing the issues that are being experienced by this coevals of health professionals. When grownups make these complex attention determinations for their mentally impaired parents, their worldviews a nd stock of cognition complicate the environment. It seems appropriate, hence, to re-examine the procedure of doing determinations about the attention of a mentally impaired parent with peculiar accent on context and household discourse. The information collected in this survey is aimed toward understand what constitutes doing a attention determination for a mental impaired parents and bettering the opportunities that an effectual determination is made that will diminish emotional and fiscal costs to households and society. Potential benefits could besides include the phylogeny of experimental educational and wellness policy intercessions that improve determinations and attention for mentally impaired parents.