Some Companies Prohibit Their Employees from Facebook or Twitter

Social websites have been developing rapidly and become an important part of most people’s lives. They help people enlarge a huge web of relationships, stay connected with others from all over the world, and relax hours to hours at a minimal cost. However, some companies prohibit their employees from accessing social websites for a couple of reasons. First of all, prohibiting social websites at work facilitates companies to protect from the danger of information leakage. Some users of social websites such as Face-book or Twitter usually send links to their friends to share interesting news or funny video clips. Being aware of this, hackers start to make friends with the employees using Face-book or twitter, and then send them links, which probably contain viruses or spywares. If they succeed, those hackers will be able steal all of the secret information and new business strategies of the company. It is obvious that employers do not want their company’s secret plans lost, so the banning of social websites at work is an essential measure. The next reason for banning social websites at work is to maintain company’s image. Some companies, such as service companies, have a huge number of customers transacting every day. Read also Twitter Case Study If the customers accidentally see the employee’s screens being full of his personal pictures or commenting boxes of Face-book, they are likely to think that this company is a poor-quality company which is not strict or does not know how to train their staff. They do not rely on this company anymore; therefore, this company probably loses its prestige. The image is one of the most important standards determining the company’s success; thus, prohibiting social websites is very necessary. Productivity is also a good reason for prohibiting social websites at work. Doing two things at the same time, chatting and working, makes employees be pretty much distracted. Decreasing productivity is inevitable. For example, an accountant is working on some figures, but sometimes she stops to access Face-book to chat with her friends or upload her pictures. How can she be sure of the accuracy of the figures, which requires a high level of concentration while she is busy thinking about the appearance of a new friend, such as a hot guy, or about the comments on her photos? As a result, not only her work falls behind but also the company progress is delayed. Therefore, companies prohibit social websites at work. In brief, social websites have become a popular tendency in the world day by day. However, many companies prohibit their employees from logging into Face-book or twitter because they want to prevent the risk of information leakage, to save time for work, and to obtain the best labor productivity. This is a very important and necessary policy; therefore, it probably be applied at many companies soon. If you are a Face-book or twitter addict, and on the way looking for a job, you had better think twice before accessing a social website.

Fear of Failure in Athletes

Fear of failure is the motive to avoid failure in achievement situations. It is not difficult to imagine a Division I college basketball athlete at the foul line, with no time left on the clock and a tied score. Is it the fear of failure or the achievement of success that determines whether the athlete will make the shot? Athletes of all levels and abilities fear failure, because of different experiences and developments. The fear of failure can be developed for a number of reasons and how the athlete copes with failure determines their success.A multidimensional, hierarchal model of fear of failure was created by David Conroy to attempt to analyze the different consequences of failing that lead to the fear of failure. Fear of failure can be represented in a hierarchal structure with five lower order factors and a single higher order factor, representing a general fear of failure. The five lower order fears of failing include fears of experiencing shame and embarrassment, fears of de valuing one’s self estimate, fears of having an uncertain future, fears of important others losing interest, and fears of upsetting important others (Conroy 2004).These fears show similar patterns with measures of self-talk, achievement goals, and contextual motivation. To investigate whether the hierarchal model was similar to the previous mentioned measures Conroy conducted a study between two different groups of athletes. Conroy chose 438 students from a large university that were engaged in recreational physical activities to complete the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. He also chose 71 female members of a Division I track team to complete the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, and the Sport Motivation Scale.Conroy found that all lower order fear of failure scores exhibited the same pattern of correlations with scores for self-talk while failing, achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Conroy learned that when the individuals thought they were going to fail, they reacted in a manner that resembled the original consequences they fear. The findings of this study suggest that different forms of fear of failure vary in their maladaptiveness. Fears are generally accepted as a standard during childhood and are considered an adaptive emotional reaction to threat.Therefore, it is acceptable to assume that fear of failure is developed during an athletes childhood. Three factors have been associated with the development of children’s fear of failure, parent-child communication and interaction, family climate, and parental high expectations and demands (Sagar 2009). To learn whether young athletes’ fear of failure comes from their parents Sagar conducted interviews on three families of young elite athletes. The athletes were 13 to 14 years old and competing at national or international levels.The interviews and observations were conducted with one family at a time during a three to fo ur week period. The results helped to better understand how the fear of failure was conveyed between parents and athletes. Sagar’s findings revealed failure was conveyed through parental punitive behavior, parental controlling behavior, and parental high expectations. The most common fears of failure reported were fears of others’ negative judgment, of not attaining aspirations, and of non-selection to future competitions.Sagar proved that parental view of failure influences the way young athletes view and interpret fear of failure. Sagar decided to further her research and initiate a study that would explain whether educational programs could help the parent-child relationships, thereby, helping to reduce the athletes’ fear of failure. Sagar comprised two separate programs that taught parents about the fear of failure and their importance in the development of their child’s fear of failure.A questionnaire administered after the program showed that the pa rents reduced their punitive behaviors and adopted more favorable ways of reacting to their child’s failures. The programs helped the parents to improve the condition of their interaction with their children and reduce the children’s levels of fear of failure. The cognitive-behavioral techniques used were proved helpful and could be implemented to other athletes to help reduce the children’s levels of fear of failure. One of the ongoing debates within the research is whether athletes fear failure or the consequences of failure.It is obvious that athletes interpret winning as a standard for success and losing as a standard for failing, but failure can be interpreted by the athlete’s perception of failure. Sagar conducted a study to distinguish what specifically athletes fear about failure. She interviewed nine British elite athletes aged 14-17 years old. Sagar asked questions concerning the athletes’ perceptions of consequences of failure. Examples of questions included, â€Å"tell me how you behaved after that failure† and â€Å"describe how you felt after that failure. The athletes described the consequences of failure as diminished perception of self, no sense of achievement, emotional cost of failure, letting down significant others, negative social evaluation, lose motivation and drop out, tangible losses, have an uncertain future, having reoccurring thoughts of failure, and intangible losses (Sagar 2007). The consequences that were perceived by all nine athletes were diminished perception of self, no sense of achievement, and emotional cost of failure. The athletes described consequences of failure that they disliked and wanted to avoid and deemed them as threats that they anticipated and feared.Multiple athletes reported a loss of motivation after failure, which in turn means failure could prevent athletes from reaching their potential. Furthermore, it is logical to assume that fear of failure can potentially by harmful to athletes’ performances, as fear of failure itself might be a threat to achieving their desired goal. Effective coping responses to fear of failure are exceptionally important in athletes. Athletes who do not posses effective coping skills to deal with situations that involve failure and are likely to experience negative effects such as, poor performance or the possibility of dropping out of the sport (Sagar 2009).Sagar created an experiment to examine the effects of fear of failure on athletes and how the athletes coped with the effects that fear of failure induced before competition. Sagar interviewed nine British athletes aged 14-17 years old that were competing at the national level and had experience competing at the international level. The interview allowed each athlete to individually relate to his or her own experiences in a free and open manner. The athletes were asked questions aimed to determine their perceptions of failure in sport, how their fears aff ected them, and how they coped with their fears.All of the athletes perceived failure as outcome oriented, such as losing, not winning, or getting beaten. The athletes described their coping strategies as mental disengagement, try not to let fear of failure affect them, become quiet and seek isolation, not talking about fear of failure, humor, chilling out, positive self-talk, positive reinterpretation, lowering goals, seeking emotional social support, increasing effort to prevent failure, and confronting their fears. All of the athletes that were interviewed identified with mental disengagement.Although, not all of the strategies identified are effective responses to the fear of failure. For example, increasing effort to prevent failure included increased training by athletes. Increased training can lead to overtraining, a possible source of burnout, which could accidentally lead to athletes’ withdrawal of the sport. Despite the fact that some of the athletes viewed increase d training as a positive outcome of fear of failure, increased training may not be an effective response to fear of failure. Therefore, athletes engaged in both effective and ineffective coping strategies to deal with the effects of failure before competition.Individuals high in fear of failure utilize self-regulatory strategies that can be harmful to their athletic performance, well being, and interpersonal behavior (Sagar 2009). Therefore, Sagar created a study to investigate whether fear of failure predicts antisocial behavior in the university and sport contexts, and whether sex compromises this prediction. Sagar interviewed 176 male students and 155 female students from 2 British universities, with an average age of 20. 11 years. The athletes had been competing for their schools for an average of 1. 80 years.Sagar used three different analyses to measure fear of failure antisocial behavior in sport, and antisocial behavior in university. The study showed, on average, antisocial university behavior occurred rarely for males and never to rarely for females, whereas antisocial behavior in sport occurred rarely to sometimes for males and rarely for females. The strongest fear reported for both sexes was experiencing shame and embarrassment. The weakest fear reported by males was the fear of devaluing one’s self estimate and for females the weakest fear reported was important others losing interest.Further analysis of fear of failure revealed that several significant differences occurred between male and females, but there was not a significant difference between sexes involving antisocial behavior. The study shows that fear of failure may contribute to more frequent student engagement in antisocial behavior in the university and sport contexts. The fact that males are more competitive and have a greater desire to win could explain the sex differences within the fear of failure. Thus, this study suggests that fear of failure might increase the frequency of antisocial behavior.The tendency to approach success is a function of the person’s motive to approach success as well as the situational factors (Gill 2008). Most athletes that participate in sports do so, because they want to achieve something. Although, to be able to achieve something, you must get past a fear of failure. Researching aspects of motivations regarding orientations and achievement can further understand how an athlete deals with fear of failure. In general, someone that is task oriented, rather than outcome oriented will have less fears of failure (Weinberg & Gould 2007).Focusing on personal performance can lead to greater control, more motivation, and less fear of failure. A task-oriented person has high perceptions of their own competence, so it is easier for them to feel good about themselves and not worry about failure. Those who are outcome oriented have lower perceptions of their competence. Therefore, they are more likely to give less effort to prot ect their self worth. Martin and Marsh (2003) concluded that fear of failure may be viewed as a friend or a foe, â€Å"a friend of sorts, but not a very good one†¦ [or as] a foe, but with some self-protective advantages. Research surrounding all aspects is still not extensive enough to draw strong conclusions about how fear or failure develops or how to treat fear of failure. Although, ignoring fear of failure and the problems associated with fear of failure could have negative consequences for individuals in achievement settings. Researchers should be encouraged to continue studying the coping behaviors of athletes in various age groups and investigate how people who play important roles in the lives and in the development of young elite athletes contribute to their development of fear of failure.Further research will inform prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and possibly the treatment of fear of failure in sports. References Conroy, D. E. , (2004). The unique psychological m eanings of multidimensional fears of failing. Journal of Clinical Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 484-491. Gill, D. , & Williams, L. , (2008). Motivational Orientations: Achievement and Competitiveness. Martin, A. J. , Marsh, H. W. (2003). Fear of failure: Friend of foe?. Australian Psychologist, 38, 31-38. Sagar, S. S. , Boardley, I. D. , Kavussanu, M. (2011). Fear of failure and student athletes’ interpersonal antisocial behavior in education and sport.British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 391-408. Sagar, S. S. , (2009). Fear of failure in youth sport: Building on the momentum of the new research. Sport & Exercise Psychological Review, 5, 5-15. Sagar, S. S. , Lavallee, D. , Spray, C. M. (2009). Coping with the effects of fear of failure: A preliminary investigation of young elite athletes. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 3 73-98. Sagar, S. S. , Lavallee, D. , Spray, C. M. (2007). Why young athletes fear failure: Consequences of failure. Journal of Sports Sc iences, 25, 1171-1184. Weinberg, R. , Gould, D. , (2007). Motivation.

Border Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Border - Essay Example In addition, the rise in drug trafficking around the globe also necessitated the institution of heightened security checks in airports. The immigration station is responsible for checking each passenger’s documentation to ascertain the validity. Unlike US citizens, international citizens undergo more stringent security checks. US legislations mandate their compliance to US policies pertaining to immigration documentation, luggage policies, and invasive security checks. Firstly, each immigrant passenger must have a valid international visa and passport, which provides details about their travel history. Logging passengers’ documentation into the airport system provides a reference point for authorities in the event of a crisis. For example, law enforcement units obtain search warrants to access travel logs from airports when examining evidence of an alleged criminal’s history. In addition, the immigration personnel at the airport examine immigrants’ documen tation to confirm that they have received all the stipulated immunizations. Secondly, the luggage policies are in place to ensure no contraband materials make their way into the country; for example, drugs. Finally, the invasive security checks such as full-body scans and physical searches are in place to ensure passengers are not in possession of any weapons. Currently, there are high-tech equipment that search for any explosives on a passenger and on their luggage. The security systems are continuously upgraded to ensure airports authority keep up with advanced types of security breaches. My first visit to the J.F.K International airport was a couple of years back on a family vacation. At the time, I was unaware of the purpose of security checks. In retrospect, I remember being extremely fascinated by having to walk through the full-body scan machines because of the sounds they made. Recently, I visited some friends who live in Manhattan for a month. My parents simply dropped me off

Among hospitalized patients does end of shift bedside reporting Essay

Among hospitalized patients does end of shift bedside reporting improve clinical communication and maintain patient's safety whan compared to traditional shift hand off - Essay Example munication between units and members of health care teams at various junctures of care like admission from primary care, handover from one nurse to another during nursing shift change and shift from one area of care to another area of care, physician treating to physician covering, etc. For nursing profession, change of shift report is an unique feature and involves transfer of information between nurses for the promotion of patient safety and best pratices (Caruso, 2007). According to Riegel (1985; cited in Caruso, 2007), shift report among nurses "is a system of nurse-to-nurse communication between shift changes intended to transfer essential information for safe, holistic care of patients." Deficiencies in hand-over information can lead to severe consequences like breakdowns in continuity of care, inadequate treatment and harm to the patient (DeJohn, 2009). Thus, hand-over communication is very essential for holistic, timely and effective management of any patient in any health ca re setting. There are several methods of providing hand-off information. Of these, traditional shift hand off is the most commonly employed strategy for transfer of information (DeJohn, 2009). However, some researchers argue that bedside reporting, wherein the hand-off information is provided besides the bed of the patient is a better communication strategy in terms of patient safety and continuum of care (Laws and Amato, 2010). According to Bourne (2000, cited in Caruso, 2007), nurse-to-nurse bedside reporting caused "(a) patient empowerment, (b) patient involvement, and (c) patient becoming an additional resource in diagnosis and treatment." Cahill (1998) reported that in his study, patients expressed that they be included in bedside reporting as their clinical condition improved and that they believed that bedside reporting ensured professional and safe transition of care of patient from one nurse to another. Which of the two types of hand-off communication is better can be

I love you Rosa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I love you Rosa - Essay Example An 11-year old Jewish boy’s love for his young, widowed sister-in-law! A writer-director can do more justice to the strength and originality of the movie than a professional director. For, a writer-director puts his heart and soul of the story, in the minutest details of direction. A religious theme has been tackled in a professional style without bias, fear or favor. He doesn’t bind the viewer and causes stress, with tension-producing interpretations, of religious revelations. â€Å"His story, unfolded mostly through a flashback, derives from the tenets in Deuteronomy on the duty of a man to marry his brothers widow as well as those involving the widows rights if shes refused. His hero, even under ancient law, is too young to marry, but he jumps at the chance to live with the sister-in-law he adores despite the opposition of his family and the taunts and attacks of friends and neighbors.† (Movie Review†¦.) The strongest character is the determined widow. Notwithstanding the ridicule and criticism she faces by the community leaders, she sticks to her position, she understands the affection of the 11 year young boy, but rejects him as her husband. Rosa, who has a progressive outlook, is not interested in either child-rearing or remarriage. Her rejection is strong and humiliating for the boy as she shoos him away. The boy still loves her and his sacrifice for his love is genuine, (they say, true love doesn’t expects to be loved back), he frees her from her religious commitment. In the end, she decides to marry him. The main characters in the movie are, Michal Bat-Adam, is the stalwart Roza, Gabi Otterman does the role of the boy torn apart and confused by tough and difficult-to-challenge religious beliefs. Avner Chezkiyahu is the understanding and affectionate rabbi, Yosef Shiloah is the widow’s suitor and the boy’s employer, who is trying to take undue advantage in a difficult

HR Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Project - Essay Example In fact I will ensure that employees develop trust in what I do, what I say and what I target for in the organisation. Employ proper communication – I will always ensure that every employee is honored through great communication. This will be achieved by taking ample time to listen to them every time they want to say something. The Cafà © Supervisor jobs description entails working together with the Cafà © Cook to effectively manage the cafà © and make sure that client’s anticipation of food and beverages in addition to customer service are addressed satisfactorily. This will revolve around many features of running a cafà © which includes equipment, services, health and safety, customer care and management. The Cafà © Supervisor is expected to work in the kitchen when the cook is off. The candidate for this job needs to be a good communicator, trustworthy, hardworking and a person willing to work under pressure. Good communicators will manage to pass crucial information to clients and to the Area Manager in correct written or verbal means of communication. They can simply withstand any pressure arising from any division of the job. Based on the qualification for this job, I will come up with a hands-on strategy to recruitment and selection of prospective candidates. Above all, I will invest time invaluably into the entire process. I will use the job description and advertisement which are appropriate to foster candidates with talent, skills and experience to send their applications. I will apply a wide range of recruitment techniques to find prospective candidates reasonably and systematically. I will appreciate all the applicants and act towards them with respect at every stage of the recruitment. The sources of workers will depend largely on an individual. However, most preferable candidates need to come from Annapolis Maryland. This will enhance work efficiency regarding the job hours and the job needs. In order for me to abide by the job laws

Business Intelligence - Assignment 2 Case Study

Business Intelligence - Assignment 2 - Case Study Example They did their best for their business to be competitive among market. However, they are running their business on website and have other small databases handling small different departments of organizations; moreover, giving best at their marketing department but though that is not enough to compete business in this technical world of computers. In other words, IT world has change the way to trade; the way of in-house management and the way to sale their production. The CEO, Mr. Peter Rada of Teen_R_Us concede this when he attended industry conference where business intelligence was discussed. He was keen to implement Business Intelligent solution for his business consisting of a web analytics, the data ware house, an OLAP system and data mining capabilities. A companied with Mr. Ben Etton, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company and Mr. Jean Price, the senior accountant of the company worked out on this new technical change for the company and ask for different proposals explaining business system with its components in detail and their specific implementations. They set their budget that affords a system in every two years and though wants the priority implementations of the whole system in ten years. Business Intelligence is a collective word, which describes a deep analysis on the trade made for last few years. This is a system, which shows up with concepts and methods to improve business. In other words, business intelligence is the name of analysis made upon the past information of the organization along with providing data management of the organization using different latest tools and technologies. It more over allows the business users and other management to keep the records of all critical activities took place in form of data mining carrying in a collective data called data ware house. This business intelligence system provides reports in a style that are practically used by senior managers, leads and other members of team. These reports help the business royals to take actions in positive successive way towards their organization. Though making decisions on information provided by the organization doesn't covers the whole business; as business is the name of management of production and it's trading. Data Mining may allow analyzing for the futuristic step taken for the company's growth; data warehouse might keep the records of all trades but more important to all this is to make the production in demand. To satisfy the customers by giving the best in services. To make more and more customers by providing them with products they need in a comfortable price range. This all is about marketing which may be performed by web analytics; i.e., providing the trade online to its customers in a form of website. More parleying about business information is that it's a process to enhance business in a competitive means giving advantage to business by using the available data for decision-making. Major five steps for business intelligence are as follows: Data Sources Data Analysis Situation Awareness Risk Assessment Decision Support Data Sources: Business intelligence system needs data extraction and that can be done from report, emails, memos, documents, images, sounds, formatted texts, web pages and other list. The data is sourced electronically so that it can further used by the business intelligence system installed on an electronic machine like computer. Though,

Internet Service Providers Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internet Service Providers - Dissertation Example In the long-run, making it legal to allow ISPs to charge premium rate for â€Å"priority services† will open new business opportunity for ISPs to earn more money which eventually can be spent on further improvements on their existing Internet infrastructure or the need to build new fibber networks (BBC News, 2010; Blodget, 2010). On the contrary, there are also a large group of people and business organizations who will be negatively affected by implementing differential pricing on Internet services. For this reason, there are a lot of individuals who are against making it legal for ISPs to offer different levels of Internet services based on what the customers are willing to pay for. By allowing the ISPs to offer low market prices for poor quality Internet services, ISPs will have the edge to convince more people to pay more money for faster Internet access. It means that the end-customers will have to shoulder a large amount of money for using more Internet bandwidth (Blodge t, 2010; Jarvis, 2010). Two-speed internet aims to charge premium prices on content makers and customers who are willing to pay more for â€Å"fast lane† access (BBC News, 2010). ... s on YouTube or improve the current Internet services offered Google will negatively affected once the two speed internet connection is implemented (Jarvis, 2010). As a result, the number of audiences these online advertisers are targeting may eventually shrink. Net neutrality is referring to the principle wherein â€Å"data transferred through Internet services are treated with equal priority† (Stair, Reynolds and Reynolds, 2010, p. 275). It means that ISPs are obliged to collect equal payment from each of the Internet users regardless of whether or not the end-users are using more or less bandwidth. Implementing the two-speed Internet policy or differential pricing in UK can lead to the end of the Internet. Since it will be costly on the part of the Internet users to pay for Internet services, the overall expected Internet traffic will decrease. As a result, the business of content providers and online advertisers like Google and Facebook are expected to become less effectiv e. This is the primary reason why Google and Facebook are strongly in support of net neutrality for landline and wireless networks (Maisto, 2010; McCarthy, 2010). Q.2 Discuss the extent to which it is valid and useful to treat all â€Å"data† as being equal in the context of it being transferred across the internet. Net neutrality serves as a guide in terms of preserving the users’ freedom to have access to an open Internet. In other words, the context of net neutrality requires all data being transferred across the Internet should be treated equally provided that these data are legal. As explained by Andersen and Gray (2008, p. 289), net neutrality requires all ISPs to avoid promoting discrimination among its customers by offering speed-up or slow-down access to Web-based contents. Morley (2008,

Fostering the Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number of People Essay

Fostering the Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number of People - Essay Example Despite opponents of fostering happiness, moral actions will definitely foster and sustain the greatest happiness within the greatest number of people in a given society or community. Key words: Greatest, happiness, moral, action, utilitarianism, fostering, and sustaining Fostering the Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number of People Based on the utilitarian philosophy any public policy should aim at making a greater number of people attain the greatest possible happiness (Roberts, 2011). Despite the fact that attaining greatest happiness for a greater number of people is unfeasible and undesirable on ideological grounds, there are better ways of attaining the same (Brulde & Bykvist, 2010). Since the classical time social history has shifted its main objective from poverty alleviation to making sure that every individual receives a more considerable standards of living (Roberts, 2011). Enhanced standard of living is one way of achieving happiness within a given population. Theref ore, Veenhoven (2010) argues that despite the philosophical misconceptions that fostering greatest happiness to a greater number of people is both undesirable and unfeasible, there are numerous strategies, actions, and policies that would enhance the same. The following discussion attempts to provide a deeper understanding on how to foster the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In order to provide the same, the discussion includes definitions of both the greatest happiness as well as the greatest number of people. The following discussion attempts to provide a deeper understanding on how to foster the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.... What’s more, the paper attempts to provide an overview of the main points under the conclusion sections. Definition of Terms ‘Happiness’ is a word that has many different meanings. The meanings of the word ‘happiness’ are always mixed up when use thereby ending into elusive reputations. One of the ways of defining happiness is on the basis of quality of life. According to Roberts (2011), happiness used in a broader sense would indicate high quality of life or the art of well-being. As a quality of life or well-being happiness denotes that life is a good thing even though such meanings do not provide the features or aspects of a good life. When used in specific ways under the aspect of quality of life or well-being, happiness can described some of the aspects of quality of life (Brulde & Bykvist, 2010). In most cases, happiness is used to define two main classifications revolving around the life’s quality or well-being. Vertically, happiness may be used to differentiate between chances of good life against the actual outcomes that individuals undergo through. On the other hand, happiness can be used horizontally to provide a distinction between external and internal qualities of a person. Understanding happiness in respect to quality of life has been commonly used especially in the contemporary economy. Qualities of life can be viewed as either inner or outer qualities on one perspective and as either life-chances or life-results on the other perspective (Brulde & Bykvist, 2010). A life that has desirable outer qualities and life-chances is considered to be livability of environment whereas a life that has both results and outer qualities is considered to be utility of life. Notably, life with chances and inner qualities is

CASE 1 HRM 402 - TD - Determining Training and Development Essay

CASE 1 HRM 402 - TD - Determining Training and Development - Essay Example hould be taught to achieve optimal performance.† The job or task will be analyzed which includes the requirements for performing the task by specifying the main duties or level of the skills needed. When conducting the task analysis, the following should be evaluated: performance of task, frequency of task performed, importance of each task, knowledge needed to perform the task, difficulty of the task and trainings available for each task. It is very important to organize the task in sequence or by importance. The employee should be observed while performing the task and the observation should be documented properly. The performance of the employee should be evaluated based on the job description such as taking note if the employee missed important part of the task or deviated from what are listed on the job description. It is important to check if there are differences between the top and bottom performers. This would lead to the question of what are the suitable trainings needed to improve productivity and overall performance of the

Unethical Business Research Conduct Essay Example for Free

Unethical Business Research Conduct Essay Ethics and the behaviors associated with them have the highest significance for different reasons within a business organization. Companies must ensure they follow all levels of ethical behavior when any activity is performed at their premises; especially activities related to business research. Business research is the systematic inquisition that provides information to direct managerial decisions (Cooper Schindler, 2011). Its purpose is to allow companies access to valuable information on company policies, customer service and consumer buying habits. Business owners can use this information to discover which products and services are important to the public, worker morale and behaviors, as well as what they can do to set themselves apart from the competition. However, wrong methods and/or unethical research conduct can obscure results and lead to the damage of a companies’ process, financial statue and image. An example of unethical business research can be found in the 2004 discrimination lawsuit against the restaurant Cracker Barrel. A number of bad research methods contributed to the courts’ order to convict and discipline the retailer for a number of consumer accusations. The leading cause of the court’s decision was the companies’ bad research and investigations into the basic problems and the flawed information that was turned into the Department of Justice following said investigation. Cracker Barrel Restaurant and Old Country Store, a nationwide retail chain, underwent random testing of its facilities and stores to monitor the possibility of racial bias in customer service. This research and observation was not only to screen for the possibility of racism, but to expand culture and diversity training to employees as part of a settlement with the Department of Justice on May 3, 2004. This agreement was made after a number of African Americans (and other minority groups) customers of the establishment came forward with complaints through the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or NAACP, stating â€Å" they were made to wait longer for tables, were seated away from white patrons, received inferior service and wer e otherwise discriminated against at Cracker Barrel restaurants† (Fears, 2004). As part of a court agreement, Cracker Barrel conducted its own corporate research into the accusations against its company. They concluded that no wrongdoings were committed, asserting that its company has always maintained anti-discrimination policies to all consumer no matter what gender, race and sexuality they are. Upon the reception of Cracker Barrel’s results, the Justice Department decided to hire an independent auditor to check their claims. The Justice Departments investigation included interviews with approximately 150 persons, [of which consisted] mostly [of] former Cracker Barrel employees; and found that 80 percent stated that they experienced or witnessed discriminatory treatment of customers at a Cracker Barrel restaurant,† according to R. Alexander Acosta, Assistant Attorney General for the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division. The conclusion suggested that some managers directed, participated in, and/or encouraged stereotyping and discrim inatory behaviors from employee, Acostas added (Schmit Copeland, 2004). Though this suit ended with the court’s judgment for Cracker Barrel to pay fines and damages to a number of customers and their attorneys, the company’s reputation for discrimination is continuously being investigated a number of private and federal groups, including the Department of Justice, NAACP, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or EEOC. The first issue with the company began with management not taking customer complaints seriously, however, the major issue is how the company went about resolving the issue. Had they taken the time to actually brainstorm and come up with a logical way to resolve the issue, the accusations probably wouldn’t have turned into a class-action lawsuit. And when the Department of Justice demanded the company conduct a private, internal investigation, they should have gone about doing it the right way. However the company and managerial lack of interest in proper investigation and research skills lead them to produce questionable results of value to the case. With this, the Department of Justice chose to proceed with its own investigation to prove or disprove the case and integrity of the company. Reference Cooper, D., Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook website: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC.aspx?assetid=8e4d9544-fa8b-4402-8f2d- 624db889e46dassetmetaid=179f7507-93d0-431c-826f-d663a33b6057 Fears, D. (2004). Crackle Barrel, Government Settles Discrimination Suit. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/articles/A639242004 Schmit, J. Copeland, L. (2004). Cracker Barrel customer says bias was flagrant. USA Today. Retrieved January 20, 2012 from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/companies/2004-05-07-cracker- barrel_x.htm

Security Policy ATM

Security Policy ATM The purpose of this document is to define a security policy for Bank H. This policy covers. This comprehensive policy is intended to cover all aspects of information security relating to Bank H ATM machines including: installation, maintenance, and operation ATM machines and network, employee responsibilities, ramifications for customers, and the security of ATM transactions. This document is divided into three sections, each covering a key facet of information security: Organizational Policy Issue-Specific Policy System Specific Policy Organizational Policy Information security is a prime concern at Bank H. much of our information is critical in nature and must be protected not only for our own sake, but for our customers and to comply with government regulations. This makes it the responsibility of every employee of Bank H to comply with the policies established in these policies. Program Responsibility The Chief Information Security Officer has the prime responsibility for establishing and enforcing the procedures necessary for the protection of information. This person reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors. A security oversight committee will also be formed consisting of the Chief Information Officer, Chief Financial Office, Chief Information Security Officer and other representatives as seen fit. This committee will meet at least quarterly to review security procedures and recommend appropriate updates. The Chief Information Security Office will be responsible for the establishment, implementation, and enforcement of information security policies on a day to day basis. Enforcement All employees of Bank H are required to adhere to the policies contained in this document. Any infringements of this policy will result in disciplinary action up to an including termination and legal action. Each employee will be required to review and sign a document indicating that he or she has reviewed and understood these policies upon hire and as part of the annual employee review process. Any employee who suspects a breach of these policies is required to immediately report the breach to his or her direct supervisor. If that is not possible, then the employee may contact the office of the Chief Information Security Officer directly. Failure to report breaches may result in disciplinary action as specified under these policies. Government Regulations The mandate for a comprehensive information security policy comes from many sources. Of foremost importance is Bank Hs concern for it employees, customers, and information assets. Additionally, due diligence is required by many overseeing government agencies. Title 12, chapter II of the Code of Federal Regulations from the Federal Reserve Board defines security policies that must be followed by banks to ensure compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and the Bank Security Act (Regulation H: Membership of State Banking Institutions in the Federal Reserve System). Part 326 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also details minimum security requirements for banks including: Designation of a security officer Implementation of a security program Annual reporting requirements (Part 326—Minimum Security Devices and Procedures and Bank Secrecy Act) Therefore, a main goal of this document is to establish and define a security program that meets the requirements of these and other regulatory agencies. Issue-Specific Policy The key issues that arise when considering our overall information security plan involve protecting our customers, employees, and assets. Three additional issues that must be considered are risk management, disaster recovery, and training, which all work together to support our overall goals for establishing these policies. Protecting Our Customers Whereas ATM machines provide a valuable service to our customers, it is incumbent upon Bank H to take all reasonable steps to insure the security and safety of their assets, personal information, and physical security while they are conducting transactions at a Bank H ATM machine. Regulations in the USA Patriot Act place specific requirements on banks regarding the information that customers must provide in order to open and account (Office of Thrift Supervision Staff Summary of USA Patriot Act.). Furthermore, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 places certain legal requirements on Bank H regarding the protection of sensitive information customer information (Public Law 107-204 107th Congress). Procedures below will detail necessary practices for protecting our customers including: ATM location and physical environment Authentication and verification of identity Protection of private customer information Protecting Our Employees In a real sense, establishing good security policies will protect our employees and help to insulate them from the daily risks of dealing high volumes of money and sensitive information. By clearly outlining security policies and procedures, all employees will have clear guidelines to follow to protect themselves and the assets they come into contact with. Clearly defined control procedures protect both our assets and our employees from accidental or intentional loss. A clearly defined security policy also establishes a legal standard of informed consent which is a judicial requirement that has been established by legal precedent. This document will establish procedures specific to our employees and their interactions with ATMs including: Contact with sensitive information Contact with money and other cash instruments Access to ATM equipment Protecting Our Assets Information, like money, is a valuable asset that must be protected from theft, destruction, and unauthorized access. ATMs represent a unique exposure to risk since they are often installed in locations that are outside the physical perimeter of the banks facilities. Extra precautions must be taken to protect external ATMs and ATMS located at other facilities since they will often be unattended. This policy will establish procedures to protect ATMs including: ATM Locations Environmental guidelines Minimum hardware security issues Data transmission, storage and encryption Risk Management Risk management is one of the first lines of defense in the effort to protect our customers, employees, and assets. Although the details of risk management fall outside the scope of this document, basic risk protection guidelines will be established by the Security Oversight Commission and a senior representative from risk management will be on that committee. In general, it is important that all reasonable steps will be taken to insure the company and customer assets including: FDIC insurance covering customer deposits Applicable insurance to protect ATM equipment Applicable liability coverage Disaster Recovery The ability to recover from natural and man-made disasters is an essential component of any security program. It is not the intent of the policy to create a comprehensive disaster recovery plan for the company. However, issues related to disaster recovery will be covered as applicable to ATMs including: Recovery of information and assets from equipment involved in an accident or disaster that renders the equipment inaccessible or damages or destroys the equipment Planning to mitigate the loss caused by such events Restoration of service, where applicable Training and Awareness All employees are required to attend security awareness training sessions to be coordinated and conducted by the Chief Information Security Officer a minimum of once a year. These sessions will be designed to educate employees of their responsibilities. Topics will include: Education on new and existing policies and procedures Practical training on tools and technology Awareness training on risks and mitigation System Specific Policy Special consideration must be used in protecting the systems that support our ATMs and data networks. As technology changes, so will the challenges and tools available for the security of these systems. Therefore, these policies should be reviewed on a quarterly basis and updated as necessary. ATM Machines ATMs form the core systems covered by these policies. Since many ATMs are outside the physical protection of our facilities, special care must be taken to protect them. Policies must be implemented to deal with these unique systems including: Money control procedures Technology to monitor ATMs against tampering and abuse Best-practices for installation and maintenance of ATMs Networks Data networks are necessary components of an ATM system and in some cases the most vulnerable. Therefore, all due care must be taken to insure the integrity, reliability, and security of our networks. Policies must be established regarding: Network installation and maintenance Network monitoring Network protocols and standards The use of encryption Section 2 Security Systems As the field of information security has matured, several recognized standards have evolved. Following these standards help to insure the development of comprehensive and effective security policies. A key concept in information protection is the concept of security systems. Security systems are domains of protection that establish the best practices. Our policies will be developed to cover each of these domains as appropriate. Confidentiality Confidentiality protects information from disclosure or exposure to unauthorized agents. Confidential information must be clearly indentified and reasonable steps must be taken to maintain its confidentiality. The following policies relate to confidentiality in the context of Bank H ATM security: Information will be classification so that confidential information can be identified and protected. Measures will be taken to protect confidential information in both physical and electronic form. The confidentiality of customer information is of prime importance. The confidentiality of personal employee information will also be protected. Integrity Integrity insures that information is kept in its original state and does not become corrupted at any point in the system. Systems must be implemented to protect assets from both intentional and unintentional corruption. The following policies relate to integrity in the context of Bank H ATM security: Error-checking data protocols will be used to insure the integrity of information in electronic form. Proper control procedures will be used in the handling and transport of information in physical media. Backup and archival policies will be constructed so that information may be re-created in the event of loss. All hardware and software will be maintained to insure the highest level of integrity when working with our data. Availability In order to be useful, assets must be available to those authorized to access. Some security risks are designed to block access to information and other assets. Policies that support availability include: Systems connected to external networks will have software and hardware to protect them against denial of service attacks. Disaster recovery plans will be developed and tested to insure the quick recovery of operations in the event of a disaster. ATMs will be located in areas that are accessible and convenient while appropriate measures are taken to secure them. Access control One of the first lines of defense is to limit access to an asset to authorized personnel only. This starts with locking the door and may include other devices and techniques to control access. Examples of access control include: Locked areas will be used as appropriate and policies will be developed to manage keys and access codes. The use of automated access cards or key-code locks will be used as appropriate to limit access to authorized personnel. The use of usernames, passwords, and other methods will be used to limit computer system access. Keys, codes, and other information relating to access to ATMs will be closely managed. Non-repudiation Accountability is the final key to a good security system. A clear and authentic trail of ownership and access to information and other assets must be established and maintained at all times. Examples of policies designed to enforce non-repudiation are: Fingerprints will be used to irrefutabley identify parties, as appropriate, when dealing with information in physical media. Digital certificates and digital signatures will be used to add irrefutable identification to electronic information as appropriate. Section 3 Standards The following standards have been established as minimum set of requrements that must be met in order to insure our security and protection of our assets. Compliance with these standards in mandatory at all levels. Any exceptions must be cleared in writing by the Chief Information Security Officer with the agreement of the Security Oversight Committee. Employees Before hire, all employees will sign a release document authorizing the company to perform or contract with a third party to perform a background investigation. Employees will be required to present a verified set of fingerprints which will be sent to appropriate law enforcement agencies for a criminal background check. Potential candidates who do not pass such background checks or fail to submit to them will not be considered for employment. All employees, upon hire, will be required to review and sign the following documents: A non-disclosure agreement stating that they will not disclose company information to third parties. An information confidentiality policy describing the banks information classification system and the handling of information at each level. A privacy statement informing the employee that their personal information will be held as company confidential and will not be released to third parties except as required by law. An accepted use of company resourced policy which clearly explains that all company equipment and resources, including information and service, are wholly owned by Bank H. Employees may not use any company equipment or resources for personal use. Upon hire, each employee will be issued a photo id card. This card must be displayed at all times while on company premises. When an employee leaves the company for any reason, the following procedures are to be followed: Whether the termination was for voluntary or involuntary reasons, employees will not be allowed to stay on the premises. The standard 2 week notice will be foregone and the employee will be expected to depart the premises on the same day. Any compensation due will be determined by human resource policy. Before leaving the premises, employees will conduct an exit interview. During this time the employee will reveal or return any access instruments that are outstanding in their file. Access to all computer systems or any other system that was granted to the employee will be immediately removed. Customers A valid government ID and social security card must be presented by all bank customers before an account of any kind can be opened. Copies of these documents will be made and kept on file in a secure manner. Potential customers must be cleared using industry appropriate services to insure that they are free and clear form obligations to other financial institutions before they will be allowed to establish and account. Each customer will be issued a secret Personal Identification Number (PIN) at the time they open an account. The PIN must be created using a system either randomly generates a PIN that is only known to the customer or allows the customer to enter the PIN without the revealing it to the bank employees. PINs will be immediately encrypted. At not time will a PIN be stored or transmitted in an unencrypted form. ATM cards will clearly show the full name of the customer, their card number, and a clear expiration date. ATM cards and any corresponding PIN shall not be mailed or otherwise transmitted within the same document or package. Upon closing their account, customers will return any ATM Cards in their possession. All ATM cards will be immediately disabled. Customers will be required to read and sign a document that explains their obligations for ensuring the security of their ATM cards and transactions. At a minimum, customers must agree to: Take reasonable steps to ensure that the ATM card issued to them is kept secure Notify the bank as soon as they believe that an ATM card has been lost or stolen Not let anyone else user their ATM card Not reveal their PIN to anyone else Notify the bank if their PIN has become compromised. Non customers wishing to conduct business with the bank will be required to show a valid government issued ID and must leave a fingerprint on file, preferably on the document being transacted. Employee and customer areas will be clearly marked. Customer will not be allowed in employee areas. Physical Security All company facilities shall be secured, at a minimum by doors with manual locks. Doors shall remain locked during non-business hours and at any time the facility is not occupied. A log must be kept of keys, the number of copies that have been made, and who the keys have been distributed to. Records must also be kept of keys that are reported as lost and who was reported to be in possession of the key at the time it was lost. A log must be kept of electronic codes and door access cards including who such instruments have been distributed to. Records must also be kept of access cards that are reported as lost and who was reported to be in possession of the key at the time it was lost. Employees must notify security as soon as they believe that a key, access card, or lock access code has been compromised. All bank facilities that hold money and similar must be secured by an alarm system. Employees should have the ability to trigger such alarms without detection. All ATMs must be secured with alarm systems that are triggered by unauthorized tampering. All alarm systems must be tied directly to local authorities or a registered alarm service that monitors the alarm status at all times. Monetary Access Appropriate control procedures and accounting procedures must be adhered to when dealing with money. Any area in which money is handled, held, or transported must be under constant video surveillance. Any monetary transactions exceeding $1000 must be verified and witness by a second employee. Any monetary transactions exceeding $10000 must be continuously observed by an employee who is at a higher level than the employee completing the transaction. The transport of money outside the bank facility must be handled by an authorized armored transport service and escorted by qualified armed personnel. Information Classification All information, whether in physical or electronic form, shall be assigned an appropriate level of classification based on its sensitivity and criticality. Data shall be assigned a minimum of three levels of classification. Public this information is neither sensitive nor critical to the company, nor is there any legal requirement to protect it. Confidential this is information that is sensitive in nature and should not be reveled to the general public. This classification is further subdivided into two categories: Company Confidential this information is sensitive information related to bank. Customer Confidential this is private information that belongs to a customer and must be protected by law. Critical information that is not necessarily (but may be) confidential, but is nevertheless critical to the successful functioning of the bank. ATM Equipment ATMs that require external access must still be secured in such a way that any access panels are not visible and cannot be easily accessed. All ATM machines must be under constant video surveillance. All networks shall be protected by a hardware-based firewall and other hardware and software deemed appropriate. The banks internal network shall not be exposed to public networks such as the Internet. All data transmitted via a network must be encrypted to prevent exposure to unauthorized tapping. Data protocols must be in place to validate that data is both transmitted and received in its original form. Data that does not pass validation should be rejected and logged. Network security software must be installed that constantly monitors the network for patterns and signs of attempted or actual unauthorized access. Activity that represents a threat must trigger an alarm to appropriate agencies and personnel. The daily stocking and removal of cash to and from an ATM shall be done in adherence to policies in section regarding the handling of cash detailed above. Each ATM shall use a PIN encryption device that encrypts and stores the information in a secure manner. Hardware must be implemented monitor, analyze, and authenticate any external source attempting to connect to the ATM. Unauthorized attempts must be logged and reported immediately to the monitoring agency. ATMs shall be connected to a monitoring system that automatically tracks the status of the ATM. The ATM should be configured with software that can log and securely transmit information about usage for external profiling to detect potential attacks. All ATMs must be under continual video surveillance as detailed in section 2.3 above. At no time will the customers PIN, account number, or other confidential information be displayed on the screen or any receipt. Networks All networks shall be protected by a hardware-based firewall and other hardware and software deemed appropriate. All data transmitted via a network must be encrypted to prevent exposure to unauthorized tapping. Section 4 Practices, Procedures and Guidelines This section defines the practices and procedures for the day to day operations of the company. These represent a set of guidelines which allow managers to perform their duties with due diligence, while also offering flexibility and adaptability for various environments and situations. Any questions about interpretation should be addressed the office of the Chief Information Security Officer. Employees Employees may, as appropriate, be issued certain instruments or information that allows them to access restricted areas or information. Upon receipt of any such instrument, the employee will sign a document verifying their receipt and agreeing to release the instrument back to the company when their job no longer requires it or upon termination. Instruments of this nature include, but are not limited to: ID Cards Access cards Access codes including usernames, passwords, Pins, and codes to electronic locks. Keys Customers Customers should read and sign a privacy notice informing them that their personal and financial information will be protected and not revealed to any third party except where required by law. Customers should be given a pamphlet that explains how to safely and securely use their ATM card online and at ATM machines. Physical Security The same procedures detailed in section 3.3 should be implemented for padlocks or other portable locking devices and keys to them. Doors that required access by more than 5 people should be considered for electronic access. Security officers should be present at all facilities that hold money and similar instruments during business hours. After hours, arrangements for surveillance and patrol should be implemented as appropriate. Prominent security cameras should be located both inside and outside all facilities that hold money or related instruments. These cameras should be linked to a system that records their images at all times. Computer Access In general, computers used for bank business should not be connected to the Internet. Computers that require connection to the Internet should not also be connected to the Banks internal network. Software that monitors and controls Internet activity should be used on computers connected to the Internet. The following guidelines should be used for password security: Passwords should be changed at a minimum of every 30 days. Passwords should not be reused. Passwords should contain a minimum of one number and one character and must be at least eight characters in length. Monetary Access Appropriate control procedures and accounting procedures must be adhered to when dealing with money. Any area in which money is handled, held, or transported must be under constant video surveillance. Any monetary transactions exceeding $1000 must be verified and witness by a second employee. Any monetary transactions exceeding $10000 must be continuously observed by an employee who is at a higher level than the employee completing the transaction. The transport of money outside the bank facility must be handled by an authorized armored transport service and escorted by qualified armed personnel. Information Classification Additional levels of information classification may be assigned as appropriate. All information that is considered confidential should be clearly labeled as such. Electronic confidential information should be stored in an encrypted form at all times. Physical media that is confidential should be secured in a locked location at all times. Information that is critical should be backed up an archived on a regular basis. ATM Equipment ATMs should be located inside of an existing bank facility when possible. ATMs should be installed in a well-lit area with open access. Keys and other devices that allow access to ATMs must be kept under tight security and are subject to regulations specified under section ATMs should be installed by authorized vendors who have been screened and are bonded. Records of all persons involved in the installation will be kept and archived. All vendors should supply documentation showing that the persons performing the installation have successfully passed a background check including a criminal background investigation. A schedule of preventive maintenance should be created to insure the correct functioning of all ATMs. Maintenance shall be performed only by qualified individuals. Records of maintenance should be kept including the date of the maintenance, what was done, and who performed the maintenance. These records shall be considered company confidential. Systems should be in place to prevent the tampering of ATMs or tampering with their information. ATMs should incorporate and audible alarm that is triggered by any sign of trouble. The ATMs internal software should be capable of sending alarms to the appropriate agency when the ATM is in need of service. ATMs should be secured to an immoveable foundation. The internal safe that contains the money should be manufactured, tested and rated for strength and resistance to attacks. Internal components should be protected in such a way that a single individual cannot gain access. This insures that at least two people are present with separate access codes and/or keys in order to gain access to the ATM. Mirrors should be installed to allow customers to see their surroundings while they are transacting at an ATM, but not allow others to see what they are doing. The keypad and screen of the ATM should be located in such a way that the customers body naturally blocks the keypad when it is being used. ATM usage should be monitored and analyzed to insure that each ATM is appropriately stocked with cash to meet customer demands. Networks The banks internal network should not be exposed to public networks such as the Internet. Data protocols should be in place to validate that data is both transmitted and received in its original form. Data that does not pass validation should be rejected and logged. Network security software should be installed that constantly monitors the network for patterns and signs of attempted or actual unauthorized access. Activity that represents a threat must trigger an alarm to appropriate agencies and personnel. Bibliography The following resources were used as reference material for the preparation of this document. Office of Thrift Supervision Staff Summary of USA Patriot Act. Department of Treasury. 20

Sports Tourism in Cyprus Business Proposal

Sports Tourism in Cyprus Business Proposal This report will show the importance of the inbound sport tourism for Cyprus and develop a business proposal for the sport event which will attract more tourists, strengthen sport tourism on the island. Cyprus is unique destination for tourists from all over the world. The island has great advantages for visitors such as sun, sea, fine weather conditions, services, hospitality and professionalism of staff. Tourist Arrivals in Cyprus decreased to 357194 in October from 421201 in September of 2016. Tourist Arrivals in Cyprus averaged 190802.91 from 1990 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 482132.00 in July of 2016 and a record low of 16748.00 in February 1991 (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017)   Ã‚   . Cyprus also has great potential for development sport tourism. According CTO Sport tourism is most valuable assets when it comes to alternative forms of tourism. The constant fall of arrivals and tourist revenues during the last decade (Cyprus Tourism Organisation-CTO, 2010) that resulted in the decrease of the islands competitiveness as a destination (Boukas and Ziakas, 2012), made the Cypriot tourism policy-makers to seriously consider golf tourism as a means to counterbalance the negative climate and the serious chronic problems of the islands tourism (i.e., seasonality, low service quality, mass tourism) (Archontides, 2007). Hence, the Strategic Plan for Tourism 2000-2010 and 18 its second version, the Strategic Plan for Tourism 2003-2010 prepared by CTO, put emphasis on the development of a number of golf courses as major tourism infrastructure projects in order to help enrich the image of the islands tourist product (CTO, 2000; CTO, 2005; CTO; 2010). Even though the value of golf for Cyprus tourism was recognized since 1993, serious interest for golf by the tourism policy was noted during the beginning of the new century (Boukas et al., 2012). In 2003 the government granted permission for the construction of eleven more golf courses on the island (added to the already three completed golf courses until then) for the enrichment of the tourism product and in harmony with the synchronized development of property and tourism (Archontides, 2007). Finally, in 2009 the Council of Ministers refined the golf courses policy in Cyprus: the final number of golf courses was determined to fourteen and given to the dry climate of the island and the water shortage problems, each golf course should not use water from the public tanks and draining system but should use individual desalination plants that would produce the amounts of water needed for maintaining golf operation via renewable means (Ministry of Finance, 2009). Until today, five golf courses operate on the island, most of them located in Paphos and are accompanied by other types of development such as real estate and hospitality units. Event: International Golf Tournament, 3 days event to introduce Cyprus as golf destination to international tour operators from Austria, France, Finland, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Lithuania, UK and Switzerland. Golf tourists will be primary sport tourists where will be experienced participants and learning participants( beginners). To perform in the event guests will need specific resources and facilities, collecting places, always affluent independent and golf for them is like lifestyle appeal. Mission statement: Also the main purpose of this event is to attract tourists from different countries to participate or to support their favorite team. Aims: The main aim to present Cyprus as a golf destination during the winter season and holidays period. The event will happen in order to increase more sport tourists to Cyprus. Objectives: SMART ( Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time- Bound) With one purpose to generate sustainable growth of golf tourism Different tourists coming for business purposes and thereby they represent and secure the long term interest of the golf tourism The primary objectives of the CGF are to promote, administer and encourage amateur golf in Cyprus. Organisational Profile Maps: The events physical layout and the resources required: All Year Round Golf at Aphrodite Hills, the first ever leisure and golf development of its kind in Cyprus, Aphrodite Hills Golf Resort is home to a magnificent 18-hole championship golf course, dedicated 3-hole Golf Academy and magnificent Clubhouse, designed for golfers of all standards and ages. Spreading out over 6,289 metres and overlooking the site where Aphrodite, the goddess of love, is said to have emerged from the sea, our golf course is truly a unique location in which to test your skills with friends. The award-winning golf course was officially opened in 2002 and was designed by the acclaimed architect, Cabell Robinson. Robinson has designed Aphrodite Hills to be the perfect mix of challenging pot bunkers, manicured fairways of lush Bermuda grass and generous tiered greens. Visually spectacular, the course expands through indigenous olive and carob trees and is built on two plateaux, separated by a dramatic ravine with outstanding views over the Mediterranean. And the staggering 130 metre gorge dividing tees at the 7th hole is an enticing challenge for all lovers of this beautiful game. Format: The luxurious 234-hectare Resort which is located 15 km from Paphos District and magnificently positioned on two plateaux divided by a dramatic ravine and commands breath-taking sea views of the legendary birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.Aphrodite Hills is home to a number of integrated facilities, again for the pleasure and use of all guests to the Resort. Facilities include the majestic and visually spectacular 18-hole championship-standard Golf Course, with 3-hole Golf Academy that caters for all ages and abilities. A team of resident PGA-qualified Golf Professionals provide valuable tuition. A driving range, pitching and chipping green, an impressive Golf Clubhouse, Lounge and Pro Shop complete the outstanding world-class golf facilities. Timing: The date of this sporting event in Cyprus will be running during winter on 25th of December at 10:00. The average of people expected to participate from abroad is approximately 30 people Stakeholders: Tour operators specialising only in golf, or with a golf department, range in size from small companies, some handling only 250 golfers a year, to mass-market tour operators such as TUI, Thomas Cook and Hana Tour, each of which has a sports or golf division. More than half of the sales of small golf tour operators are non-golf, but the percentage of golf sales increases with the size of company. Or looking at this another way, the larger golf tour operators (excluding the mass-market operators) focus entirely or predominantly on golf. Gantt chart: Marketing and promotion: The main objective of the CTO is the organization and promotion of tourism in the Republic by making full use of all existing possibilities. An effective promotion requires a delicate balance between giving your audience what it wants and convincing them of whatever it is you want whether to buy your product, order a service, or attend an event. If youre selling golf products, however, your job is much easier. Rather than convince your audience they need your club, bag, or shirts, you are simply presenting an already interested crowd with things they likely already buy. First way of advertisement is online advertising heading straight to the World Wide Web to catch your customers may seem like an obvious strategy, but its one you dont want to miss the sheer numbers of potential consumers online make the Internet a massive world of opportunity. Second way is golf infomercials. They show your audience exactly how they can benefit from your product. A golf infomercial is an excellent way to provide a captivating and informative visual explanation as to why your product is better than the rest. Third is a Live demonstrations These can be performed at any number of golfing events, conventions, and merchandise exhibitions. The advantage of a live demonstration is similar to that of an infomercial letting people experience the unique benefits of your product -while taking it to the next level of advertising by putting your product literally in front of the consumer. And the last way is Print ads advertising in magazines or newspapers is a classic, time-tested strategy for reaching your desired population of golf enthusiasts. Whether placing an ad in a monthly golf publication or the sports section of the local newspaper, you are marketing to a select group who is already inclined to buy your products. Is it financial viable? It is very important to have financial opportunities of service, and a good relationship with the public sector, such as national, state / provincial, regional and local authorities. This will help tourism, ensure the safety of tourists (and the safety of the event itself), sustainability, financial assistance and much more. And also very important to maintain contact with the specialized agencies, which provide sports tourism policy at the national level (different types of Director) and provide funding, technical support, etc. The most important thing is to provide sports facilities at the local level tourist port companies. For such an event, the dancers need a place to speak (stage closed / open), a place for training, opportunity (musical, technical, water, light) . Another one of the main points is the administration and policy. It is very important to have good and strong relationship with them, as they solve complex and intertwined problems frequently encountered attitude sports tourism in our increasingly globalized world. Often organizers faced with the transfer date of the event (weather conditions, etc.), and in this situation they refer to policy and management What are the risks? (Risk management, operational risks, marketing risks, financial risks) This section shows the projects early understanding of risk. Naturally, the project size and complexity will be the main drivers of this activity. The objective at this stage is to identify the risk response development that you want to formally build into the project execution processes. In order to do so, the project team must identify and quantify the risks as normal. In the quantification step, it is important to develop common probability and severity criteria so that all risks can be objectively evaluated to the extent possible. Event has two important phases. It is initiation and planning. Initiation creates a project charter that minimally contains a description of the business need, the desired deliverables, and a formal approval to proceed by appropriate management. They must to inform the people from different countries about the event (from internet, TV, blackboard ).Planning creates an integrated plan outlining in greater detail the var- ious projected aspects of the proposed effort. Articles in this section will deal with these topic areas in more detail. A major point in this chapter is that the initiation process and its related planning activities are fundamental activities that should not be shorted to save time. The social, environmental and economic impact: On the one hand, there is evidence that golf has adopted organizational citizenship practices and become an environmentally friendly sport (Husin et al., 2012; Limehouse et al., 2010). On the other hand, it is argued that the growth of golf tourism engenders considerable risks to the sustainable development of destinations, and hence, raises serious controversies in local communities between proponents of golfs beneficial effects on tourism and economy and opponents who call attention to the adverse environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of golf (Boukas et al. 2012; Briassoulis, 2007, 2010, 2011; Davis and Morais, 2004; Neo, 2010; Palmer, 2004; Perkins et al., 2010; Wheeler and Nauright, 2006) In conclusion, it is very hard to create an event. Everything must to much each other the weather, people, date of event, time, place, hotel, transportations, tourist, stakeholders, budget. You should plan an interesting event in order managers, sponsors and stakeholders liked it . References: Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://cyprus-mail.com/2015/11/22/golfing-touristors-last-year/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://tgaproductions.com/golf-infomercial.html [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/29018459.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Aphroditehills.com. (2017). About Aphrodite Hills Resort, Cyprus. [online] Available at: http://www.aphroditehills.com/Aphrodite-hills/resort/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2017]. Boukas, N., Boustras, G. and Sinka, A. (2012) Golf tourism in Cyprus, in Mufakkir, O. and Burns, P.M. (Eds.), Controversies in Tourism, CABI, Oxfordshire, pp. 144-159. Cgf.org.cy. (2017). Cyprus Golf Federation | CYPRUS GOLF FEDERATION | NICOSIA | CYPRUS. [online] Available at: https://www.cgf.org.cy/about-cgf [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Cyprus Mail. (2017). Sports seen as way to boost tourism Cyprus Mail. [online] Available at: http://cyprus-mail.com/2014/02/12/sports-seen-as-way-to-boost-tourism/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Cyprus Tourism Organisation CTO (2000) Strategic Plan for Tourism 2000-2010. Available at: http://www.visitcyprus.com/media/b2b_en/Strategic_Plan/STRATEGIC_PLAN_ FOR_TOURISM_2000_2010.pdf (Accessed 26 July 2011). 40 Cyprus Tourism Organisation CTO (2011) Cyprus Tourism in Figures 2010, Cyprus Tourism Organisation, Nicosia. Cyprus Tourism Organisation CTP (2005) Annual Report 2005. Available at: http://media.visitcyprus.com/media/b2b_en/CTOAnnualReports/Annual_Report_ 2005.pdf (Accessed 26 July 2011). Cyprus Tourism Organisation CTO (2010) Strategic Plan for Tourism Development 2003-2010. Available at: http://www.visitcyprus.com/media/b2b_en/Strategic_Plan/Stategic_Plan_for_tour ism_development_2003-2010.pdf (Accessed 26 July 2011). Husin, S., Chelladurai, P. and Musa, G. (2012) HRM practices, organizational citizenship behaviors, and perceived service quality in golf courses, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 143-158. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017). Cyprus Tourist Arrivals | 1990-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/cyprus/tourist-arrivals [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017].

Casablanca :: Films Movies

Casablanca 1942, the year of the creation of one of the most historical movies known to date. That movie, Casablanca, based on the play "Everybody Wants to go to Rick's", still captivates audiences around the world. The setting of the movie is Casablanca, Morocco during the second world war. Casablanca is the jump off point to get to Spain and then to America, but refugees must obtain a fairly costly exit Visa to get onto the plane. In the middle of all this is Rick's cafe. Rick's former love Ilsa comes to Casablanca on her way to America and discovers Rick to be a resident there. The love triangle between Ilsa, her husband Laszlo, and Rick keeps the viewer in suspense until the very last minutes of the movie. This movie contains all the factors that a make a movie a classic. It has great performances by a top cast, a flawless script story line and director, and superb production techniques. In addition, it blends a raging love story with tormenting schemes which makes it one of ! the best Hollywood movies of all time. Casablanca was never expected to be a large scale movie. The script was written on a day to day basis even till the last few moments of the movie but despite all that, it made it bigger than any other movie in it's time. The movie took place in 1942 and was based around world war II which in reality was taking place as they filmed. It was because of the war that Rick and Ilsa were separated, and this was an idea that was not so far fetched and something that the audience could identify with. This was important because it captivated the audience and drew them in to see if Rick and Ilsa's undying love would ever be reunited. There are many classical quotes that were used in Casablanca, some of which we still hear being used today. The most famous of course would be 'here's looking at you kid", and who could forget, "play it again Sam", which later became a title for another film. "This could be the beginning of a beautiful friendship", "but we'll always have Paris", "go ahead and shoot, you'll be doing me a favour", these are yet another three quotes which stuck in the minds of audiences everywhere. These quotes help keep the movie and the memories of the actors and actresses alive even fifty seven years after the original shooting. Let's not forget the variety of great music the viewer is Casablanca :: Films Movies Casablanca 1942, the year of the creation of one of the most historical movies known to date. That movie, Casablanca, based on the play "Everybody Wants to go to Rick's", still captivates audiences around the world. The setting of the movie is Casablanca, Morocco during the second world war. Casablanca is the jump off point to get to Spain and then to America, but refugees must obtain a fairly costly exit Visa to get onto the plane. In the middle of all this is Rick's cafe. Rick's former love Ilsa comes to Casablanca on her way to America and discovers Rick to be a resident there. The love triangle between Ilsa, her husband Laszlo, and Rick keeps the viewer in suspense until the very last minutes of the movie. This movie contains all the factors that a make a movie a classic. It has great performances by a top cast, a flawless script story line and director, and superb production techniques. In addition, it blends a raging love story with tormenting schemes which makes it one of ! the best Hollywood movies of all time. Casablanca was never expected to be a large scale movie. The script was written on a day to day basis even till the last few moments of the movie but despite all that, it made it bigger than any other movie in it's time. The movie took place in 1942 and was based around world war II which in reality was taking place as they filmed. It was because of the war that Rick and Ilsa were separated, and this was an idea that was not so far fetched and something that the audience could identify with. This was important because it captivated the audience and drew them in to see if Rick and Ilsa's undying love would ever be reunited. There are many classical quotes that were used in Casablanca, some of which we still hear being used today. The most famous of course would be 'here's looking at you kid", and who could forget, "play it again Sam", which later became a title for another film. "This could be the beginning of a beautiful friendship", "but we'll always have Paris", "go ahead and shoot, you'll be doing me a favour", these are yet another three quotes which stuck in the minds of audiences everywhere. These quotes help keep the movie and the memories of the actors and actresses alive even fifty seven years after the original shooting. Let's not forget the variety of great music the viewer is

Its a Neighborhood Bar :: Essays Papers

It's a Neighborhood Bar For a group project assigned in our Advanced Composition class at the University of Arizona, four of us decided to research the Morenci Mine Strike of 1983. When we left Tucson early one morning, we had no idea what to expect. The story was so muddled and had been so misconstrued with the passage of time and the fermentation of emotion, that we started to feel like Scooby Doo and his gang of amateur detectives. We even jokingly started calling my Nissan Altima the "Mystery Machine." I had read about a bar called The Refrigerated Cave in a book by Barbara Kingsolver called Holding the Line, and was interested in learning more about it, so armed with nothing but Morenci-Clifton-Safford phonebook we drove down the main highway in search of it. Our visit to "The Cave" turned out to be one of our most informative stops that day. We saw the sign on the side of the road through the window of the car, but finding the entrance was another story all together. After we pulled into the dirt parking lot, the other three members of my group and I stepped on to a rickety looking wooden bridge and looked over the side. The rushing water below looked to be maybe four inches deep, but the creek bed was completely invisible under the unnatural looking rust colored torrent. On the other side of the bridge, there was a staircase leading to a door, and a path leading around the corner of the building. After deciding that the staircase door looked more like a residence than a bar, we chose to follow the path around the building. Around the corner there the path begins a steep decent to another door with a large square sign over it reading "The Refrigerated Cave." When we walked through the door, I had to blink several times to adjust to the darkness. The bar was all but empty when we entered. It was only about 2:00 in the afternoon, so it was not surprising that there was only one man sitting at the end of bar talking to a female bartender. They were situated in front of a large T.V., maybe sixty inches or more, with horrible reception. The movie Grease was playing and Olivia Newton John and John Travolta were singing about summer days and nights while we surveyed our surroundings.

Taiwan :: History

Taiwan For centuries, Taiwan has been ruled by alien regimes. Modern Taiwanese history is a chronicle of the Taiwanese' struggles against oppression and fight for independent survival. Since 1945, Taiwan under the Kuomintang (KMT) regime has been subject to the threat of China's invasion. Even though recently the tensions across the Straits of Taiwan has loosened gradually, to Taiwanese, the unification policy stressed by both the KMT regime and the Chinese government still poses a grave danger of a forced and forcible merger with China. On August 31, 1993, the People's Republic of China issued a document titled, "The Taiwan Question and the Reunification of China." Circulating in seven languages, this diplomatic white paper manifested its intent and ambition of annexing Taiwan through its distortion of history, misconstruction of international law and treaties, and disregard for the will and welfare of the Taiwanese. Though less dogmatic and more pragmatic than before, the KMT's response remains ambiguous and problematic: the KMT still insists that the Communist regime cannot legitimately represent China, while emphasizing its own capability of resolving this "Chinese problem" eventually. Under such circumstances, we think it necessary to explicate our point of view from the perspective of the Taiwanese. China released a paper that states that "Peaceful Unification" and "One Country, Two Systems" are the basic principles of its Taiwan policy. The paper lists four guidelines: one China, coexistence of two systems, extensive autonomy, and peaceful negotiation. China warns that the Taiwan question is a purely domestic issue and thus to be solved under the premise of "One China." It further pronounces that peaceful unification is a fixed policy of the Chinese government. However, this government will reserve the right to take all action necessary, including military action, to protect its territorial integrity and governing authority. As a note directed at foreign states, the paper delivers its intention to keep out foreign intervention. "The Chinese government is not obliged to any foreign country and makes no promise whatsoever." In our opinion, the Chinese assumption and interpretation of the Taiwan issue are extremely absurd. Taiwan by no means is a part of the People's Republic of China, whether from the perspective of history, international law, or reality. This being the case, what position does the PRC have to formulate the "peaceful unification, one China" policy which aims at devouring Taiwan? China's chauvinistic ambitions are clearly manifested in light of this.

Gays Adopting Children Essay

Society is a flexible structure. Only this way it can serve the best way for its members. Democratic process is aimed to increase the rights of its citizens. Nowadays the theme of sexuality becomes an important social issue. Recognition of rights of homosexuals is an important process, which signifies that a lot of people are ready to express freely their sexual preferences and are ready to fight for their rights. Legalization of homosexual marriages and the right of such couples to adopt children is an important and controversial issue of our time. â€Å"Researchers estimate that the total number of children nationwide living with at least one gay parent ranges from six to 14 million† (Gottman, 105). At the present moment many countries legalized the right of lesbian and gay couples to adapt children. Such countries as Andorra, Belgium, Guam, Iceland, the Netherlands, Sweden, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom. It is also legal in some separate parts of the Australia, Canada and the United States. In the United States of America 22 states allow lesbian and gay couples to adopt children. The issue is so burning because for homosexual parents adopting becomes the only way to have a child. Even the artificial insemination can not be applied in all cases. First of all this method can be used only for lesbian couples. In addition another spouse form the couple has to adopt a child in order to become his legal parent. For gay couples this method can not be applied. In addition, adopting is a right of each person. That is the reason the question is more important than just an opportunity for homosexual couples to have children. In April 2001 Holland enlarged the definition of marriage and enabled the people of the same sex to get married. Same did Belgium in 2003. The next was Canada. Same sex couples can get married in San Francisco since February 12 of the 2004, because of an action by their mayor. The question of the legislation of homosexual marriages becomes more and more burning and needs a deep survey. There are a lot of reasons against same sex marriages. One of the reasons is that homosexual marriages contradict the tradition. The idea of homosexual marriages threats the very idea of the sanctity of the marriage. The term â€Å"marriage† should refer to a loving relationship between man and woman. The institution of marriage considers the union of two adults of different sex living together. For centuries the marriage was considered just between the people of the opposite sex and by now the marriage of the people of the same sex can be wrong on an evolutionary scale (Coolidge, 1997). People don’t have much faith in the marriage institutions now and the legislation of the heterosexual marriages can weaken this faith. In addition, if the homosexual marriages are legalized to protect the freedom of human why there should be other restrictions for the marriages such as marring the relative or the age of getting married? So called domino effect can cause the demand to cancel all kinds of restrictions on the marriages. If the marriages between the people of the same sex can be accepted like a demonstration of the free will of the individuals, why can’t be accepted the marriage between the brother and the sister or other close relatives? In the case of legalization of homosexual marriages we speak only about the rights of homosexual people. The issue becomes much more complicated when it comes to adopting children. In this case the rights of both, homosexual parents and the rights of adopted children should be considered. Since children are not able to express their own will during the process of adoption, the society must make an important choice deciding on the rights of children. From the other hand it is necessary to mind the right of homosexual couples, who also have their rights and desires. There are many arguments pro and contra adopting children by homosexual couples. Those who stand for giving homosexual couples this right state that all people must have rights to adopt children. If both parents are able to give their child all normal conditions for living, there is no reason to ban homosexual parents to adopt children. Those, who are against this right, state that homosexual couple will not be able to provide normal life conditions for children. In this case the question about â€Å"normality† arises. Social norms are expanded with each year. Homosexual relations, which were considered sinful and even criminal several centuries ago, become a social norm nowadays. This means that the meaning of â€Å"normal† family structure and â€Å"normal† life conditions can also be transformed with the flow of time. Those, who support an idea to give the right of adopting to homosexual couples state that many children wait for adoption and giving this right to homosexual couple would help to improve the situation. In addition specialists, who stand for the legalization of the right of homosexual couples to adopt children state that only small number of children from heterosexual families have normal life conditions. â€Å"Most children in the United States do not live with two married parents. In fact, according to the 2000 census, only 24% homes were composed of a married mother and father with children living at home. † (Green,1978, p. 19) In the case with homosexual family the children will have two parents, even if they are of the same sex. In â€Å"normal† families children often have only one parent. The proponents of legalization of adoption give data, which proves that children, grown up in one-parent and homosexual families, have same level of emotional and social adaptation as children from heterosexual families. This means that homosexuality of parents has little effect on the development of a child. As state specialists, children are more influenced by their relations with their parents and social surrounding than by the sexual orientation of their parents. Even the American Association of Paediatrics agreed with this opinion and supported the legalization of adoption. In addition, if we turn to legal issues, there is no official reasons to ban homosexual couples to adapt children. There is no special amendment in the Constitution, which would deny gay and lesbian couples their rights to adopt children. Most courts, which should make a decision concerning adopting, are be driven by the interests of a child. It is evident that for children having non-traditional family with loving parents is much better than not have any. If sexual orientation of parents has little impact on the living conditions of their children, homosexuality of parents should not be an obstacle for adopting of a child. There are no serious objections, which would prove that gay and lesbian couples will make bad parents. â€Å"Home environments with lesbian and gay parents are as likely to successfully support a child’s development as those with heterosexual parents† (Schelberg, Mitnick 2006) Specialists state that here is not connection between sexual orientation and parenting skills. This means that homosexual people can be perfect parents, same as heterosexual people can be bad ones. In addition there is a legal controversy, concerning the right to adoption. Legally, even single parents have right to adopt children. Here arises a kind of controversy since one person can adopt a child but he or she can not do the same thing if he has a spouse of the same sex. Those, who stand against the legalization of homosexual’s right to adopt a child give their arguments in order to support their position. They state that homosexual environment can have an extremely negative effect on child’s development. Some researches (Golombok, Tasker) state that children, raised by homosexual parents, are more likely to adopt same patterns of sexual behaviour. In other words children, raised in homosexual families have more chances to become homosexuals as well. As Golombok and Tasker state: â€Å"by creating a climate of acceptance or rejection of homosexuality within the family, parents may have some impact on their children’s sexual experimentation as heterosexual, lesbian or gay† (Golombok, Tasker, 1993, p. 124). According to their opinion homosexual couples should not be giving a right to adoption. Sexuality is not only personal affair. It’s also social phenomenon society has to deal with. Woodhorse talks about the fortification of gender roles and restrictions to this roles brought to the social culture by transvestites. He believes that cross-dressing and transvestites make a potential danger for the society as it can lead to the displacement of gender categories and gender roles. â€Å"On a social and cultural level the two groups (male and female) are equally restricted. † (Woodhouse,1996, p. 117). The marriage is an institution aiming to create a family first of all and the family presumes giving birth to children. Homosexual marriage create no opportunities for natural reproduction. Modern science gave people opportunities to have children even in the same sex marriage but a number of problems appear. It’s commonly known that men and women are equal creatures and have same rights and obligations but they are not identical and usually presume different models of behavior, models of reactions and thinking. A lot of research made by scientists proves that the child needs both – a mother and a father to become a full personality (Donovan, 2001). There are some things during the upbringing which can be taken only from women’s or only from men’s behavior patters. The children raised in the homosexual families will not have the opportunity to see both –female and male behavioral patters, which can cause serious problems for their future life. In addition the children raised in a homosexual surrounding are more probably to pick up same lifestyle in the future and to copy the model of homosexual relationship. Another problem the children from the homosexual families can and most probably will come across is an attitude of the surrounding. The children can meet a social hostility from the very beginning of their social interaction due to their family background which can make more difficult the social adaptation in the future (Stone 2006). A lot of homosexual couples meet social and religious disapproval but they have chosen their type of behavior themselves and must be responsible for their decisions. The children raised in the homosexual families do not have this choice. Negative attitude of the church to same sex marriages can create additional problems for children. Another problem appears with the children, adopted by gay couples. The patters of family behavior, which are presented in homosexual families, are very different from patterns, peculiar to heterosexual families. This issue is very important since children most probably will adapt the type of relations they see in their family. Homosexual relations usually are thought to be not traditional ones and talking about sexuality in this type of relations is difficult due to the multiple variations of these relations. There are a lot of distinctions between homosexual and heterosexual relationships. Complementary nature of the most heterosexual relations is not so evident in homosexual ones. In most of the homosexual relations there is a division, which is expressed more directly in heterosexual relations. In homosexual relations two people take different roles. Usually, in both, female and male homosexual relationship there are active and passive partners. The roles may change but usually the division to active and passive partner is saved and this relation is usually transmitted to other spheres of life of the couple. Passive partner usually takes female roles in sex and everyday behaviour. An active partner plays the role of the man accordingly. There are derivations in the models of homosexual relations. Tapinc (1992) distinguishes four additional models of homosexual relations. In the first model both males are homosexual. This is one of traditional homosexual models. â€Å"The homosexual mail pair consists of the erastes and the eromenos, ‘lover’ and ‘beloved’; we can infer an active/passive division, but strictly speaking these are not examples of inserter/receptor terminology. (Norton, p. 2002 5) Homosexual male relations are rarely monogamous. Journal of Sex Research made a study of the sexual profiles of 2,583 older homosexuals. â€Å"Research found that only 2. 7 percent claimed to have had sex with one partner only. Research elsewhere indicated that only a few homosexual relationships last longer than two years, with many men reporting hundreds of lifetime partners† (Bozett 1993, p. 112). This way if homosexual parents get an opportunity to adopt children, this most probably will result in the transformation of the role and functions of family. Children, grown up in such untraditional families with untraditional family values, will use this model in their future families. This may result in the increase of the families with untraditional family values. Possible consequences of this phenomenon are very hard to predict. To sum up, there are many reasons for and against adopting children by gay and lesbian couples, There is no one definite opinion concerning this issue. The debates concerning this subject are hold in several spheres, such as religions, social and political ones. A lot of important factors should be considered in order to take a right decision concerning this issue. Adopting concerns the rights of both – children and homosexual couples and decision should the best way serve to the interests of both sides. References 1. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, (2002, Oct 4). NA. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from Database. Gale Power Search. 2 . Bailey, J. M. , Bobrow, D. , Wolfe, M. & Mikach, S. (1995), Sexual orientation of adult sons of gay fathers, Developmental Psychology, 31, 124-129; 3. Bozett, F. W. (1987). Children of gay fathers, F. W. Bozett (Ed. ), Gay and Lesbian Parents (pp. 39-57), New York: Praeger; 4. Coolidge, David Orgon, (March 1997). â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage? Baehr v. Miike and the Meaning of Marriage,† South Texas Law Review, 38:1-119 5. Davidson, Arnold (1987) ‘Sex and the emergence of sexuality’, Critical Inquiry, 14 (Autumn), 16-48, reprinted in 6. Stein, Edward (ed. ), Forms of desire (1992, 1990), 89-132. 7. Donovan, (2001,Sept 14). Judge upholds Florida ban on gay adoption. National Catholic Reporter, p. 37, 39. 8. Gay rights. The Advocate, (2002, April 30). p. 18(1). 9. Gottman, J. S. (1991), Children of gay and lesbian parents, F. W. Bozett & M. B. Sussman, (Eds. ), Homosexuality and Family Relations (pp. 177-196), New York: Harrington Park Press; 10. Golombok, S. , Spencer, A. , & Rutter, M. (1983), Children in lesbian and single-parent households: psychosexual and psychiatric appraisal, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 551-572; 11. Green, R. (1978), Sexual identity of 37 children raised by homosexual or transsexual parents, American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 692-697; Huggins, S. L. 12. Lewin, Tamar (2001, August 31). Court backs Florida ban on adoption by gays. The New York Times, p. A14 13. Stone, Andrea (2006, Feb 21). Drives to ban gay adoption heat up. USA Today, p. 01A. 14. Schelberg, Neal S. and Carrie L. Mitnick, (2004). â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage: the Evolving Landscape for Employee Benefits,†